Online calibration of an integrated framework for information‐based evacuation operations

This study seeks to online calibrate the parameters of aggregate evacuee behavior models used in a behavior‐consistent information‐based control module for determining information strategies for real‐time evacuation operations. It enables the deployment of an operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates three aspects underlying an evacuation operation: demand (evacuee behavior), supply (network management), and disaster characteristics. To attain behavior‐consistency, the control module factors evacuees' likely responses to the disseminated information in determining information‐based control strategies. Hence, the ability of the behavior models to predict evacuees' likely responses is critical to the effectiveness of traffic routing by information strategies. The mixed logit structure is used for the aggregate behavior models to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across the population. An online calibration problem is proposed to calibrate the random parameters in the behavior models by using the least square estimator to minimize the gap between the predicted network flows and unfolding traffic dynamics. Background traffic, an important but rarely studied issue for modeling evacuation traffic, is also accounted for in the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the importance of the calibration problem for addressing the system consistency issues and integrating the demand, supply, and disaster characteristics for more efficient evacuation operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing carbon emissions from road transport through traffic flow estimators

Carbon emissions from road transport are one of the main issues related to modern transport planning. To address them adequately, the acquisition of reliable data about traffic flow is an essential prerequisite. However, the large quantity and the heterogeneity of available information often cause problems; missing or incomplete data are one of the most critical aspects. This paper discusses how technology handles imperfect information in order to obtain more accurate quantification of CO₂ emissions. First, an analysis of single estimators and combination models is provided, highlighting their main characteristics. Then, the TANINO model (Tool for the Analysis of Non-conservative Carbon Emissions In TraNspOrt) is presented, jointly developed at the University of Seville and at the IUAV University of Venice. It consists of two different modules: the first is a combination model that optimizes the results of three traffic flow single estimators, while the second is a macro-model of carbon evaluation, which takes into account road infrastructure, vehicle type and traffic conditions. TANINO is then tested to calculate CO₂ emissions along the ring road of the Spanish city of Seville, showing its more efficient performance, compared to the single estimators normally adopted for such aims. Transport planning can benefit from the adequate knowledge of traffic flows and related CO₂ emissions, since it allows a more reliable monitoring of the progresses granted by specific carbon policies.     

Construction of traffic state vector using mutual information for short-term traffic flow prediction

Short-term traffic flow prediction is an integral part in most of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) research and applications. Many researchers have already developed various methods that predict the future traffic condition from the historical database. Nevertheless, there has not been sufficient effort made to study how to identify and utilize the different factors that affect the traffic flow. In order to improve the performance of short-term traffic flow prediction, it is necessary to consider sufficient information related to the road section to be predicted. In this paper, we propose a method of constructing traffic state vectors by using mutual information (MI). First, the variables with different time delays are generated from the historical traffic time series, and the spatio-temporal correlations between the road sections in urban road network are evaluated by the MI. Then, the variables with the highest correlation related to the target traffic flow are selected by using a greedy search algorithm to construct the traffic state vector. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model is adapted for the application of the proposed state vector. Experimental results on real-world traffic data show that the proposed method of constructing traffic state vector provides good prediction accuracy in short-term traffic prediction.     

道路旅客运输企业综合业务应用系统研究与应用设计

如何有效地利用部分分散、孤立、沉睡的信息资源,实现数据的共享是当前道路旅客运输企业信息化建设中亟待解决的问题。本文根据道路旅客运输企业管理需求,梳理了运输企业信息化系统总体设计要求,探讨了总体框架设计、系统技术构架、数据库设计与信息资源共享、综合业务平台与现有系统关联、系统层次结构设计等关键技术,建立了道路旅客运输企业综合业务应用系统平台,实现了企业内部各系统之间、企业上下级单位之间的资源的交互共享,最大程度的提高了数据资源的利用率。     

车载远程智能管理系统在汽车上应用的必然性分析

随着汽车电子技术的发展,智能化信息技术在汽车产业中的应用已成为大势所趋。它能合理、有效地对运营车辆进行监控、管理,规范驾驶员正常驾驶行为,减少因车辆管控不当或驾驶员非规范性行为造成的意外事故,并能降低车辆油耗和改善汽车尾气排放,是汽车产业变革发展所需。     

广州地铁PIDS紧急信息发布功能优化实施方案

随着地铁线网的不断扩大,PIDS(乘客信息显示系统)紧急信息发布功能已经无法满足时效性等的需求,为此,广州地铁将对该功能进行升级改造,将完全集中式改为集中分布式,以适应未来的发展需要。     

美国城市轨道交通公共安全敏感信息管控探析

城市轨道交通公共信息发布受到社会高度关注,发布信息是一件困难的任务。美国政府从信息保护和不能披露的角度发布公共安全敏感信息(SSI)管控的系列法规。从关于SSI立法和定义、管理、分类形式、识别和认定、使用和控制进行解析,并给出使用和管理SSI的示例。美国联邦政府通过立法确定公共交通的公共安全敏感信息,显示美国政府完善的法制建设过程,启示我国城市轨道交通行业应进行城市轨道交通信息安全保护立法。     

Spatial Information Infrastructure for Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management in Canada

Access to current, comprehensive, and reliable spatial information is necessary for informed decision making in integrated coastal and ocean management. This need is being met through development of a marine spatial information infrastructure that encompasses both technological and institutional responses. This article traces Canada's experience in developing a marine spatial information infrastructure over the last 30 years starting with the compilation of coastal atlases, through the development of geographic information systems, to remote data acquisition instruments and Web mapping portals. Because of the plethora of initiatives, it has been essential to be selected and limit the number and choice of examples. The institutional response has lagged behind that of technological innovation and hinges on understanding users’ needs and decision support drivers, sustainability of institutional and individual champions, and, above all, cooperation and collaboration among the broad community of practice.     

大型工程建设项目管理信息化方法探讨

通过对国内大型工程建设项目管理现状及项目管理信息化的调查,分析项目进度计划管理、成本计划管理、计划跟踪和合同执行控制管理所采用的信息化方法,在此基础上提出项目管理信息化所遇到的困难和解决方案,强调项目管理采用信息化的手段和方法不仅符合时代潮流,而且还是项目国际化、规范化的需要。     

基于自然语言识别技术的装备财务信息管理系统应用研究

论文采用自然语言识别技术对已经存在的不同装备财务信息管理系统中的单位名称进行分析,剖析其规律,并在此基础上对现有自然语言识别技术进行算法改进,提取不同系统的相同单位名称信息,以达到系统之间单位相关数据信息相互转换的要求。最后采用C＃实现改进算法,并通过实验数据检验改进算法的效果。