轮对安装偏角对高速铁道车辆动力学性能的影响

为了考察轮对初始安装偏角对高速铁道车辆动力学性能的影响,本文先从理论上分析了初始安装偏角下轮对的受力情况以及安装偏角对轮对行进过程所产生的影响,并通过多刚体动力学分析软件SIMPACK建立了我国高速铁道车辆的动力学模型,分别对车辆第一位轮在不同安装偏下的直线和曲线通过情况进行了仿真研究,研究表明：第一位轮对的初始安装偏角将使车辆的第一和第二位轮对的平衡位置偏离轨道中心线,且发生反向偏转,降低行车安全性;小偏角对平稳性影响不大,但偏角超过1 mrad后将对平稳性造成较大影响;安装偏角将对车辆曲线通过性能造成一定的负面影响,且影响随偏角的增大而增大,因此对于高速列车还应尽量减小轮对的初始安装偏角,尽量将其控制在1 mrad以内。     

弹性轮对的有限元分析

弹性轮对在国外轻轨交通车辆上已使用较为广泛 ,实践表明其在减少轮轨噪声、降低轮轨间的动作用力和提高旅客的乘坐舒适度等方面取得了明显的效果 ,但在国内还处于起步时期。应用有限元分析软件 ANSYS对弹性轮对进行了应力、变形和模态计算分析 ,并与刚性轮对的结果相比较 ,同时 ,研究了橡胶的本构参数对弹性轮对静强度的影响。结果表明 :在静载作用下 ,弹性轮对与刚性轮对的最大等效应力均发生在辐板靠近车轴处 ,但前者的最大等效应力值大于后者 ;橡胶材料常数对弹性轮对的橡胶应力和应变有较大影响 ,应对其合理选取 ;弹性轮对的低阶固有频率低于刚性轮对 ,这会使弹性轮对具有较好的隔振能力     

和谐1型系列交流传动重载高速电力机车轮对技术

和谐1型(含HXD1、HXD1B、HXD1C)系列交流传动重载高速电力机车是目前国内高速重载运输的主型机车,机车轮对重载技术的突破至关重要。文章主要介绍了和谐1型系列大功率交流传动重载货运机车轮对技术及相关标准规范的适用性,通过对车轮、车轴分析,材料研制及相关试验验证,表明机车轮对技术完全能够满足高速重载情况下的运用要求,并为今后机车向更高技术发展奠定了坚实的基础。     

动车齿轮箱对动力轮对动平衡测试影响的仿真研究

以某型动车的动力轮对为例,根据双面硬支撑动平衡测试挠性转子的特性,建立动力轮对及其齿轮箱的刚柔混合动力学模型,以动平衡测试中轮对轴的径向振动幅值为目标,对动力轮对动平衡测试中齿轮箱的影响程度进行仿真研究。结果表明,带齿轮箱的动力轮对径向振动幅值是不带齿轮箱时的15~20倍,对动力轮对动平衡测试影响大。     

轨道交通轮对自动检测设备在线校准方法研究

我国高速列车产品质量和生产效率的要求不断提高,促进了轨道交通数字化生产线的引进与落成,自动化检测设备的在线校准成为保障产品质量的关键因素。文章以轨道交通轮对自动检测设备为研究对象,在对其原理、结构组成、测量模型以及计量特性进行全面论述和分析的基础上,提出了一种基于标准样件的轮对自动检测设备在线校准方法,对测量过程中的不确定度来源进行了分析,并进行了测量不确定度评定。通过校准试验,结果表明该在线校准方法能够有效地补偿各个因素对测量结果的影响,可对轮对检测设备的综合测量能力进行评价,并且具有良好的规范性和易操作性。     

轮对参数自动检测新装置

介绍一种自动测量铁路车辆轮对参数并实现计算机自动化管理的新装置,详细论述了新装置的结构、工作原理和测量方法。该装置融合结构光视觉传感技术、步进驱动技术、图像处理技术以及各种先进的测试和控制技术,实现了包括轮对外形尺寸、踏面擦伤和剥离等多个参数的全自动非接触测量,显著提高了工作效率和轮对测量精度。     

A new method for wheel–rail contact force continuous measurement using instrumented wheelset

With the aim of improving the continuous measurement of wheel–rail contact force by instrumented wheelset, instead of solving the non-linear equations, we proposed a new method based on state space theory. With this new method, the wheel–rail contact force can be calculated by the recurrence relation and the signals from strain gauge bridges on wheel web. The implementation of continuous instrumented wheelset is quite general and simplified, due to the specific bridging scheme is not necessary. It means that continuous measurement of the contact force could be realised with a simple bridging scheme, even as simple as discrete instrumented scheme. In this work, we first demonstrated and discussed the effectiveness and accuracy of this new method by estimation results with the numerical simulations, and we also applied this new method to two field tests, including one was conducted in a loop test line using a high-speed train and the other one was conducted in an urban line with a light rail vehicle. In a word, this new method is proved to be an effective way to monitor the wheel–rail contact force of rail vehicle track system.     

车辆脱轨机理及预防脱轨的对策

通过现场调研,在阐述三种脱轨机理,即爬轨脱轨、滑轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨的基础上,系统总结分析了目前各种车辆脱轨的安全评判标准及有待解决的问题,进而通过对脱轨试验情况分析并提出了五种车辆脱轨的类型及其脱轨预防对策.     

Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset

In order to improve the curving performance of the conventional wheelset in sharp curves and resolve the steering ability problem of the independently rotating wheel in large radius curves and tangent lines, a differential cou- pling wheelset （DCW） was developed in this work. The DCW was composed of two independently rotating wheels （IRWs） coupled by a clutch-type limited slip differential. The differential contains a static pre-stress clutch, which could lock both sides of IRWs of the DCW to ensure a good steering performance in curves with large radius and tangent track. In contrast, the clutch could unlock the two IRWs of the DCW in a sharp curve to endue it with the characteristic of an IRW, so that the vehicles can go through the tight curve smoothly. To study the dynamic performance of the DCW, a multi-body dynamic model of single bogie with DCWs was established. The self-centering capability, hunting stability, and self-steering performance on a curved track were analyzed and then compared with those of the conventional wheelset and IRW. Finally, the effect of coupling parameters of the DCW on the dynamic performance was investigated.