天津港环境污染防治分析与治理研究

随着环境形势的日益严峻,对港口的环境治理已经迫在眉睫.目前,天津港的环境问题主要为粉尘污染、水污染、噪声污染、固体废物污染,以及石化作业中产生的环境风险.以天津港为目标,以各个环境因素为评价对象,通过环境影响评价理论对港口的环境污染防治进行分析,包括大气环境影响、水环境影响、噪声环境影响、固体废物环境影响和环境风险防范,通过建立相关数学模型和公式计算来分析污染物产生的源强,并在此基础上提出治理措施,以满足天津港水环境质量和声环境质量100%达到功能区标准,空气环境好于2级标准天数大于310天/年,危险废物合规化处置率100%,港口环境风险降到最低,主要环境污染问题得到有效控制.     

基于磁流变悬置的整车建模与振动控制的研究

以磁流变悬置动态性能试验结果为数据样本,利用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)辨识方法建立了磁流变悬置的正、逆模型,并将辨识模型用于悬置系统的控制;建立了基于磁流变悬置的整车10自由度动力学模型,以发动机转速和悬置点处的加速度信号为输入,设计了模糊控制器,对磁流变悬置进行半主动控制的仿真。结果表明:该模糊控制器具有较好的宽频隔振效果,悬置点处的振动加速度峰值明显减小,验证了GRNN模型和模糊控制器算法的正确性和有效性。     

盾构推进液压系统控制模式的分析比较

盾构为隧道施工的重大技术装备,推进系统性能的好坏直接影响盾构姿态、施工开挖隧道线路的精准度以及掘进速度。盾构在软弱地层的施工过程中,某些盾构容易出现姿态控制困难及"栽头"现象,文章通过对不同厂家推进系统控制模式进行研究及原因分析,从理论上与实际监测进行比较得出结论。就目前国内外盾构产品而言,推进液压系统控制模式主要有2种,比例压力流量复合控制方案和比例减压阀控制方案,通过AMESim仿真、理论分析,并结合现场的实际监测数据比较了2种控制模式下执行机构动态响应特性,从而对盾构的可操作性及姿态控制特性进行分析比较,以期对推进液压系统的设计及盾构的选型、使用有一定的参考价值。     

兵团垦区软土路基工后差异沉降控制标准研究

针对新疆建设兵团垦区软土地区的公路工程特点,运用有限元软件,建立计算模型来研究路基发生不均匀沉降时路面结构的受力特性,从控制路面结构的容许弯拉应力的角度,分析了影响软土地基的工后容许差异沉降量的因素,包括公路等级、路基宽度、交通量、路堤填土高度等;提出了垦区软土地区公路路基顶面的工后差异沉降控制标准的计算思路,并总结了计算流程.在此基础上,通过计算,提出了垦区软土地区二,三,四级公路路基顶面的工后差异沉降控制标准,并根据路基顶面的差异沉降率控制标准,反算出软土地基的工后容许差异沉降量控制标准.     

车辆主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略的研究

基于虚拟样机技术构建了工程车主动油气悬架控制系统的数字开发平台.针对工程车行驶路况的不确定性、部分参数的时变性和油气悬架系统的强非线性,提出了有限带宽主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略,并设计了基于遗传算法的模糊PID上层力控制器和基于模型的下层电压控制器.将该控制算法集成到悬架控制系统数字开发平台中进行联合仿真.结果表明,所研制的有限带宽主动悬架分层控制器可显著改善车辆的行驶平顺性.     

九瑞高速岩质隧道钻爆法施工超欠挖控制措施及成本分析

为了降低岩溶地质隧道钻爆法施工超欠挖耗费,提高隧道一次性开挖合格率,对目前隧道超欠挖现状进行研究,分析影响隧道超欠挖的因素,介绍超欠挖对工程造价的影响情况。根据实际调查和现场试验,找出了影响超欠挖和造价耗费的主要因素,并制定了有效的控制措施。采用改进后的方案进行隧道开挖施工后,隧道一次性开挖平均合格率由67.4%上升到了83.9%,经济效益提高了49.9%,证明采取的处理措施是成功的,可为以后类似工程提供借鉴。     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

Model predictive control with constraints for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control vehicle model in transition manoeuvres

A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries.     

Vehicle yaw stability control using active limited-slip differential via model predictive control methods

In this paper, the problem of vehicle yaw control using an active limited-slip differential (ALSD) applied on the rear axle is addressed. The controller objective is to minimise yaw-rate and body slip-angle errors, with respect to target values. A novel model predictive controller is designed, using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) vehicle model, which takes into account the ALSD dynamics and its constraints. The controller is simulated using a 10DOF Matlab/Simulink simulation model and a CarSim model. These simulations exemplify the controller yaw-rate and slip-angle tracking performances, under challenging manoeuvres and road conditions. The model predictive controller performances surpass those of a reference sliding mode controller, and can narrow the loss of performances due to the ALSD's inability to transfer torque regardless of driving conditions.     

基于某客车车内噪声的控制研究

针对客车车内噪声的产生及汽车噪声测试评价进行了分析,论述了某型客车车内噪声控制方案及控制效果。