TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及应用

介绍TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及试验过程,详述了该顶的具体结构设计。通过对该顶的结构特点及产品特性的阐述,说明了该顶是一种非常适合于我国重载运输发展要求的编组站调速设备。同时对该顶近两年来在国内外的使用推广情况进行了简单介绍。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

基于火场信息的地铁车站智能疏散技术研究

火灾是城市轨道交通车站内影响最为严重的事故之一,科学合理的安全疏散方案是突发火灾时确保乘客出行安全的重要保障。然而,目前地铁车站火灾疏散方案中的疏散路线难以根据火场情况动态调整。针对地铁车站疏散路径固定单一的弊端,基于地铁车站内的监控系统,利用计算机视觉技术识别人员分布信息和火灾发生位置,建立空间拓扑模型,利用改进的蚁群算法规划出耗时最短且转弯次数较少的疏散路线,实现站内乘客更科学高效的疏散,最后通过3个场景的案例应用验证本文所提疏散方法的有效性。     

城市轨道交通道岔转辙机 智能运维系统研究

道岔转辙机是信号系统核心设备,其维护量大、维保难度高、设备故障影响程度较广,随着智能运维研究在城市轨道交通行业的兴起,道岔转辙机智能运维是实现城轨信号维护智能化、运维生产组织模式智能化的基础。总结传统微机监测系统的不足,结合行业道岔转辙机维保难点和痛点,提出一套智能运维系统,主要包括关键状态感知、故障智能诊断、关键状态预警及健康评估等,并提出具体的实现方法。该系统目前已成功应用于南宁轨道交通 4、5 号线,具有显著效益。     

铁路微观路网基础数据的组织方法研究

主要研究了应用于运行图编制、调度及相关研究等工作的铁路微观路网的数据组织方法,提出了采用数据分层模型进行数据组织的思想,据此将基础数据分为图形显示层、拓朴层、电气层、逻辑层四个层次,各层次具有相对独立性并相互关联以利于数据的组织,在此基础上对各个层次中的主要数据的属性进行了详细的分析,并针对不同的数据特点提出了相应的数据组织方法,最后介绍了基础数据的录入方法及其实现．     

基于部分集卡到达信息的码头进口箱翻箱优化

集装箱码头进口箱提箱作业过程中,由于外集卡到达时间的不确定性,存在外集卡提箱顺序与目标箱的堆存位置不一致,从而产生大量翻箱.为了解决这一问题,本文以期望翻箱量最小为落箱位置的选择原则,提出最小化二次翻箱启发式算法,利用算例验证算法的有效性,分析集卡到达的信息质量对进口箱提箱翻箱的影响,根据集卡到达信息质量的不同选择最佳翻箱规则.结果表明:提出的翻箱策略可以在获得部分集卡到达信息下有效地减少翻箱,针对不同的集卡到达信息质量,采取相应翻箱规则进行翻箱作业能有效减少翻箱,提高码头堆场的作业效率.     

公路零担货运行业网络结构的国际比较分析

公路零担货运业是典型的网络型产业,网络化的运输组织是提升运输效率的关键,而各种内、外部因素与零担货运业网络结构的形成密切相关.本文重点运用产品—资源—网络(PRN)的运输经济学分析框架,对中国、美国、欧洲公路零担货运行业的网络结构进行了比较,从产业结构、政府管制、商业习惯等角度对三者之间的差异性进行了剖析.通过研究发现,公路零担货运业的网络结构,在受到网络经济内在规律支配的同时,又受到一个国家经济和产业结构、政府管制政策、商业习惯等多种因素的影响,从而使得各国间零担货运业的网络和产品形态、资源结构等产生变异.研究成果对促进公路零担货运业网络化发展具有理论和现实意义.     

基于PCA-聚类分析的高铁旅客购票行为特性研究

铁路运输中旅客购票行为是铁路客运运营策略制定的重要基础.旅客购票行为直接影响着列车能力的占用过程,是铁路客运票额组织的重要依据.根据贵阳—广州高速铁路的旅客购票统计数据,以高铁购票旅客为样本,运用主成分分析法购票行为的特征属性进行综合分析,获得购票行为中重要特征变量.结合单次购票强度提出基于模糊C均值的双重聚类算法,对购票旅客进行聚类,并利用模糊聚类有效性指标Xie-beni和分离系数法确定最佳聚类数.结果表明,高铁旅客购票行为的关键特性为单次出行旅客人数、购票提前天数、出行OD城市人均GDP和购票渠道;不同旅客类型的购票行为有明显特性.     

交通大数据视角看广佛同城

广佛同城发展由来已久,是中国城市群中同城化程度最高的区域。简要分析广佛同城的交通基础设施发展演变历程,并基于模糊大数据(手机信令数据)和准确大数据(运行监测数据)对广佛通勤交通特征进行分析。结合手机信令数据对广州南站的客流组成及空间分布进行研究,对广州南站选址偏远问题进行解析。结果表明:广佛同城具有双向对等性的联系;地铁在同城化推进过程中起到重要的促进作用,拓展同城化活动范围;广州市机动车交通需求管理政策不够系统,非广佛车牌在通勤小汽车中比例超过40%,需要引起足够的关注;广州南站服务的客流中广州客流与佛山客流比为7:3,与对应的常住人口规模比例相当,初步实现了交通战略规划提出的共享理念。