Introduction: Habitual travel choice

In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits.     

Development and calibration of a long-distance passenger traffic assignment model

This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application.     

Real-time automatic rescheduling strategy for an urban rail line by integrating the information of fault handling

In the operation of urban rails, faults are inevitable, which leads to deviation between the actual timetable and the planned timetable. In nowadays, timetable rescheduling strategies rarely integrate the information of fault handling. In this paper, we develop a real-time automatic rescheduling strategy, which integrates the dynamic information of fault handling. The rescheduled timetable is obtained by a mathematical optimization model, the constraints set of which is automatically generated and adjusted as more information of fault handling is feedback. Compared with the experience-based rescheduling methods, the automatic rescheduling strategy reacts more quickly, and uses the information of fault handling more efficiently. A simulation system for testing the automatic rescheduling strategy is built, which uses the data of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line. Via testing on the simulation system, the effectiveness and efficiency of the automatic rescheduling strategy are validated.     

论纯电动乘用车总装生产线的设计

总装生产线设计开发是总装工程的重要内容.文章结合纯电动乘用车的结构特点及工艺要求,对其总装生产过程进行了深入研究及思考,然后以生产线设计步骤为主线,着重分析了基本信息的收集、工艺流程及主线的设计、工艺设备及工艺布局的选择等关键环节,最终提出了纯电动乘用车总装生产线设计工作的方法及要点,这些方法及要点对于总装生产线规划与...     

浅析重卡新能源高压线束加工工艺

文章主要介绍的是重卡新能源高压线束工艺分解过程中,对于原材料选型、屏蔽层的处理以及导线对插接器防水性能的影响进行简单分析,简明扼要地阐述了高压线加工的难点,为线束工艺设计人员提供一些参考.     

基于风洞试验的变截面圆灯柱涡激振动与影响因素研究

为了研究某实桥变截面圆灯柱发生的风致二阶振动现象,采用多段薄壁空心铝管焊接并覆盖泡沫管和柔性PVC薄膜的方法,设计制作了满足相似比要求的变截面灯柱气弹模型,解决了低质量比、低阻尼比变截面细长结构风洞试验不便模拟的问题.通过风洞试验,采用非接触式视频测量位移系统和眼镜蛇探针测试了不同风速下灯柱位移响应和尾流风速,重现了灯...     

基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动提取算法

为快速建立道路精确的几何模型,利用车载移动测量系统获取的序列影像开展了道路边线自动提取方法研究.针对不同类型道路边线的特征,提出了一种基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动算法.首先,对不同质量道路影像分别采用基于灰度信息和梯度信息的道路边线边缘检测方法;其次,采用线性回归模型拟合道路边线,以当前帧拟合直线为种子点,提出了基于种子直线的序列影像感兴趣预测方法,在此基础上对下一帧影像道路边线进行跟踪;最后,以高速公路和城市街区道路序列影像为例,开展了道路边线自动跟踪提取试验,结果表明此方法可以达到优于20 cm的精度,具有很好的鲁棒性.     

公交联动发车模型的研究

乘客的候车时间可分为2部分(在出发站点的等待时间及在换乘站的换乘时间),仅考虑换乘时间最短的区域公交协调调度模型无法降低乘客在出发站点的等待时间。针对此问题,提出了公交联动发车的概念及需满足的条件。在对乘客类型分类的基础上,分析了弹性乘客候车时间的计算方法,统计了各类型乘客的各部分候车时间,以所有乘客总的候车时间最短为目标建立公交联动发车模型。针对模型变量多的特点,选用遗传算法进行了求解。采用实例对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,在维持发车间隔不变的基础上,联动发车模型较区域协调调度模型在降低乘客候车时间方面具有明显的优势,乘客候车时间降低了15.2%。      

南非规范与中国规范中汽车荷载对比研究

为给我国涉外桥梁工程项目设计提供参考,对我国与南非桥梁设计规范中汽车荷载效应进行对比研究。采用铰接板梁法和刚接梁法,计算常用跨径的单片简支梁在南非与中国规范汽车活载作用下的横向分布系数。在此基础上,通过对简支梁及整体式连续梁的纵向影响线加载,分析2种规范中考虑汽车活载纵、横向分布后的差异。对比发现,对于常用中小跨径的简支、连续梁,南非规范汽车活载效应均高出中国规范30%以上;对于简支T梁跨中截面及连续梁支点截面,南非规范汽车活载效应高出中国规范35%~80%。即便考虑到两国规范中汽车冲击效应计入方式的不同,南非规范汽车活载也大于中国规范规定值。     

铁路既有线桥梁换梁施工中支座处理技术

在铁路既有线桥梁换梁施工中,支座系统的处理方案关系到换梁的速度和行车的安全,以京广线汉水桥钢板梁更换施工为背景,介绍一种支座处理技术。该桥采用QZ球型钢支座替换弧形板式钢支座,新支座安装位置与原支座位置相同,但其下摆较原支座扩大并预留了钻孔空间。在钢板梁更换前,进行正式支座地脚螺栓钻孔,采用预埋钢板方式施工临时支座垫石,然后安装临时支座并更换钢板梁,保证铁路正常运营,最后进行垫石改造和正式支座的施工,待正式支座施工完成后再进行支座受力转换。实践表明,采用该技术在铁路既有线短暂的封锁时间内进行钢板梁更换是切实可行的,施工过程中确保了行车安全。