Optimization models for differentiating quality of service levels in probabilistic network capacity design problems

This paper develops various chance-constrained models for optimizing the probabilistic network design problem (PNDP), where we differentiate the quality of service (QoS) and measure the related network performance under uncertain demand. The upper level problem of PNDP designs continuous/discrete link capacities shared by multi-commodity flows, and the lower level problem differentiates the corresponding QoS for demand satisfaction, to prioritize customers and/or commodities. We consider PNDP variants that have either fixed flows (formulated at the upper level) or recourse flows (at the lower level) according to different applications. We transform each probabilistic model into a mixed-integer program, and derive polynomial-time algorithms for special cases with single-row chance constraints. The paper formulates benchmark stochastic programming models by either enforcing to meet all demand or penalizing unmet demand via a linear penalty function. We compare different models and approaches by testing randomly generated network instances and an instance built on the Sioux–Falls network. Numerical results demonstrate the computational efficacy of the solution approaches and derive managerial insights.     

时间多项式进化算法在旅行商问题中的研究

提出了一种模拟生物遗传的进化算法，并将该算法应用于旅行商问题得到了较好的结果，根据达尔文进化论的优化过程，结合自然选择原则提出了启发式算法，该算法的时间复杂性与快速排序策略相当。在文中利用该算法求解中国旅行商问题得到目前的最佳结果。     

我国企业年金税收政策之我见

阐述了我国企业年金税收政策。分析了目前企业年金税收政策存在问题。指出了现行政策对我国年金发展存在的影响,以期促进我国企业年金的发展。     

餐饮物流配送路线的优化研究

近年来,我国的餐饮企业迅速发展壮大,随之而来的问题是如何控制物流配送成本,合理的配送规划将直接影响一个企业的成本控制、效率和竞争能力。针对餐饮业的特点提出一个规划方案:按货物品种来确定配送节点的方法,并以此为基础,分别从选择配送点和对路线变更方案进行了研究。最后的算例将提出的总成本概念应用到用最短路径方法中来求解最优路径,表明全面的成本概念在配送规划中的重要作用。     

西安市小学生行为问题及其影响因素调查分析

为了解儿童心理发育状况及其影响因素 ,应用 Achenbach′s儿童行为量表 ,测查了西安市 86 2名小学生。结果显示小学生行为问题检出率为 14.7%。多因素分析表明 ,影响小学生行为发育的因素主要有父母婚姻状况不佳、父亲健康状况差、不良的教育方式及不适当的期望等。提示小学生中存在的行为问题较为严重 ,在儿保及学校卫生工作中应重视加强精神卫生保健。     

Ant Colony Routing algorithm for freeway networks

Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.     

Intermodal and international freight network modeling

The authors describe the development and application of a single, integrated digital representation of a multimodal and transcontinental freight transportation network. The network was constructed to support the simulation of some five million origin to destination freight shipments reported as part of the 1997 United States Commodity Flow Survey. The paper focuses on the routing of the tens of thousands of intermodal freight movements reported in this survey. Routings involve different combinations of truck, rail and water transportation. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was invaluable in the cost-effective construction and maintenance of this network and in the subsequent validation of mode sequences and route selections. However, computationally efficient routing of intermodal freight shipments was found to be most efficiently accomplished outside the GIS. Selection of appropriate intermodal routes required procedures for linking freight origins and destinations to the transportation network, procedures for modeling intermodal terminal transfers and inter-carrier interlining practices, and a procedure for generating multimodal impedance functions to reflect the relative costs of alternative, survey reported mode sequences.     

基于供应链管理的制造型企业库存优化研究与实践

在全面库存管理思想的指导下，分析了AIP公司的库存管理现状，通过加强物流管理、改善内部供应链、扩大信息共享范围等手段，解决了库存量偏高和库存结构不合理问题，实现了优化库存总量、降低经营成本和提高市场竞争力等企业目标，并据此提出库存管理内容和模式的一些创新观点，从技术层面找NT普遍适用的库存管理与控制的有效措施，以期对制造型企业的库存管理有借鉴意义。     

外海超长桩基础施工关键技术研究

港珠澳大桥江海直达船航道桥深水桩基础地质环境复杂,施工难度大,在施工过程中困难重重。通过提前预判分析施工过程的重难点,结合相关施工技术要求,编制了关键技术要点,同时处理了施工过程中遇到的技术难题,在桩基实施过程中取得了良好效果,确保了桩基础工程施工顺利完成。在深海水域的桩基础施工类型中,对相关技术进行了创新,在实施过程中得到了成功的应用。     

移动电站维修常见技术问题分析

通过对移动电站维修中存在的技术问题深入分析,指出了问题的成因、导致的后果,并逐一提出了解决问题的方法和避免问题的注意事项等。