不同腔角和腔深的阶梯腔尾轴承有限元力学性能研究

建立水润滑动静压阶梯腔尾轴承的三维实体模型,并将建好的模型导入到AnsysWorkbench软件中进行有限元静力分析.主要研究不同腔角和腔深对船舶尾轴承力学性能的影响,结果表明:对比3种腔角的尾轴承应力、应变和位移情况发现,当腔角是20°时,尾轴承的力学性能最优;合适的腔角比例能有效的改善尾轴承的力学性能,当深浅腔的腔角比例是1:4时,此时力学性能最佳;尾轴承两腔的腔深差距不能过大,保持过渡平缓,当深腔腔深为1.6mm,浅腔腔深为1mm时,轴承的力学性能最优.     

直线感应电机的推力研究

在单边直线感应电机(SLIM)的一维、二维模型基础上,推导出纵向推力表达式.提出采用次级板梯形槽和初级端增加交流集中绕组超导线圈来提高SLIM的推力,并给出分析计算结果,表明推力、边端效应与滑差率的特性.     

高速铁路车站咽喉区与到发线综合运用优化

研究接发列车的到发线分配和咽喉区进路选择问题,在满足到发线使用规则的条 件下,以作业计划稳定性强和接发车进路条件优为目标,构建到发线与车站咽喉区运用多目 标优化模型.采用改进的带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)对模型进行求解,算法 能有效保存优秀个体和降低计算复杂度.最后以某高速铁路车站为例,采用Matlab 编程得到 模型的Pareto 最优解集,从解集中选择1 个解,将其结果与原始到发线方案进行对比,结果表 明,采用该模型和算法能有效改进车站咽喉区与到发线的综合运用方案.     

基于列车追踪仿真的城市轨道交通折返能力的研究

通过城市轨道交通列车追踪及折返能力仿真平台,分别对站前、站后折返两种模式的车站折返能力进行系统性的分析.本文给出了比较准确的分析过程及计算公式,并提出了一些优化措施.     

北京市购车摇号阶梯概率规则优化研究

由于机动车保有量增速过快，北京市于 2011年起实施摇号购车政策控制增速.为解决部分群体“久摇不中”的现象，2014年起实施“阶梯概率”规则，但效果并不显著.本文在分析北京市现行摇号规则的基础上，建立演化模型，用以描述不同群体的概率变化情况，分析现行 “阶梯概率”合理性，并提出改进的“阶梯概率”规则.通过分析发现：现行“阶梯概率”规则并不能持续提升较早参与摇号群体的中签概率，其原因主要在于概率提升程度不足；改进后的“阶梯概率”规则，在调整强度取值合理时，可使得所有群体的中签概率均随时间而增大，其缺点是降低了新参与摇号群体当期的中签概率.研究结论为管理者进行科学摇号提供理论支持.     

Exploring the link between the neighborhood typologies,bicycle infrastructure and commuting cycling over time and the potential impact on commuter GHG emissions

This paper investigates the evolution of urban cycling in Montreal, Canada and its link to both built environment indicators and bicycle infrastructure accessibility. The effect of new cycling infrastructure on transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is then explored. More specifically, we aim at investigating how commuting cycling modal share has evolved across neighborhood built-environment typologies and over time in Montreal, Canada. For this purpose, automobile and bicycle trip information from origin–destination surveys for the years 1998, 2003 and 2008 are used. Neighborhood typologies are generated from different built environment indicators (population and employment density, land use diversity, etc.). Furthermore, to represent the commuter mode choice (bicycle vs automobile), a standard binary logit and simultaneous equation modeling approach are adopted to represent the mode choice and the household location. Among other things, we observe an important increase in the likelihood to cycle across built environment types and over time in the study region. In particular, urban and urban-suburb neighborhoods have experienced an important growth over the 10 years, going from a modal split of 2.8–5.3% and 1.4–3.0%, respectively. After controlling for other factors, the model regression analysis also confirms the important increase across years as well as the significant differences of bicycle ridership across neighborhoods. A statistically significant association is also found between the index of bicycle infrastructure accessibility and bike mode choice – an increase of 10% in the accessibility index results in a 3.7% increase in the ridership. Based on the estimated models and in combination with a GHG inventory at the trip level, the potential impact of planned cycling infrastructure is explored using a basic scenario. A reduction of close to 2% in GHG emissions is observed for an increase of 7% in the length of the bicycle network. Results show the important benefits of bicycle infrastructure to reduce commuting automobile usage and GHG emissions.     

Field investigation and parametric study of greenhouse gas emissions from railway plain-line renewals

Railway transportation is becoming increasingly important in many parts of the world for mass transport of passengers and freight. This study was prompted by the industry’s need to systemically estimate greenhouse gas emissions from railway construction and maintenance activities. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on plain-line railway maintenance and renewal projects. The objective of this study was to reduce the uncertainties and assumptions of previous studies based on ballasted track maintenance and renewal projects. A field-based data collection was carried out on plain-line ballasted track renewals. The results reveal that the emissions from the materials contribute more than nine times the CO₂-e emissions than the machines used in the renewal projects. The results show that extending the lifespan of rail infrastructure assets through maintenance is beneficial in terms of reducing CO₂-e emissions. Analysis was then carried out using the field data. Then the results were compared to two ballastless track alternatives. The results show that CO₂-e emissions per metre from ballasted track were the least overall, however, the maintenance CO₂-e emissions are greater than those of ballastless tracks over the infrastructure lifespan, with ballasted track maintenance emitting more CO₂-e emissions at the 30 and 60 year intervals and the end of life when compared to the ballastless track types. The outcome of the study can provide decision makers, construction schedulers, environmental planners and project planners with reasonably accurate GHG emission estimates that can be used to plan, forecast and reduce emissions for plain-line renewal projects.     

DXS6804基因座等位基因分型标准物的克隆制备及其群体遗传学研究

目的用分子克隆技术制备DXS6804基因座等位基因分型标准物,并用于中国云南普米族人群的群体遗传学研究,解决长期困扰短串联重复序列分型上存在的准确性和标准化问题。方法用PCR扩增出DXS6804基因座的各等位基因片段,PCR产物克隆后,DNA测序证实插入片段的大小和结构,按国际标准进行命名后,经扩大培养、扩增及再鉴定后,制备出该基因座的等位基因分型标准物,进行群体研究。结果调查了中国云南地区普米族人群基因座的基因型分布频率,发现DXS6804基因座两个分型标准物外等位基因。结论分子克隆技术是制备等位基因分型标准物的可靠方法,DXS6804基因座是一个适合我国法医学和群体遗传学分析的遗传标记。     

复线铁路线路三维模型建立方法

应用表面剖分原理，研究了复线铁路三维模型的构建方法，将地形、桥梁、隧道等实体表面分割为一系列规则的曲面，并用格网对其进行描述。将路基的边界点投入到地形三角网中构建新的三角网，并删除位于边界内的三角形，从而将地形与建筑物三维模型拼合在一起形成路线三维整体模型，通过集成AutoCAD及3DS MAX达到对路线三维造型的目的。应用结果表明该方法具有建模速度快，可靠性高的特点。对构建复线铁路线路三维模型是可行的。     

梯型油船波浪载荷研究

梯形油船作为具有少压载水的船型之一,可以减少压载水对生态环境的污染,受到了越来越多的关注.但目前尚无明确的规范对其进行结构强度评估,且尚无实船经验,因此有必要对梯形油船进行结构性能研究.船舶波浪载荷设计值的确定是船舶结构性能研究的前提.本文选取了一条与梯型油船装载量相同的且符合CSR规范的常规油船,对两船的波浪载荷进行CSR规范计算和直接计算,通过对结果进行对比分析的方法,来研究梯形油船的波浪载荷特性,并对影响载荷大小的因素进了研究.