基于预应力损失识别的连续刚构桥内力计算方法

从连续刚构桥病害成因出发,以桥梁实测挠度为基础,采用位移影响矩阵建立非确定性预应力损失与主梁下挠的关系,通过求解非线性约束优化问题,识别非确定性损失大小及分布,可以得到由此产生的内力增量,进而计算桥梁实际受力状态。由于未考虑箱梁开裂及徐变模型误差等因素,预应力非确定性损失识别结果存在一定程度的夸大。通过不同约束条件的敏感性计算,分析了损失比取值范围对损失识别结果及内力计算结果的影响。将此方法应用于某桥的承载力分析中,计算结果与桥梁实际情况符合性较好,对同类桥梁的计算分析及加固设计有一定的参考意义。     

浅议控制性详细规划中高程的控制——以常州市武进城区为例

城市地块出让前都要编制控制性详细规划,其中出让地块的竖向高程如何合理确定,一直是值得仔细研究的问题。其既要满足城市防洪的需要,又要合理经济避免过大的填方。对此,常州市武进规划与测绘院就武进中心城区的竖向高程如何确定展开研究,并形成了一套城区标高控制规划,为今后的控规编制和规划管理提供了可靠的规划依据。该文以此规划为基础,结合武进近几年的项目实例,分析了影响地面高程的几个因素,可供同行参考。     

天津滨海旅游区道路横断面设计浅析

城市道路建设是城市建设中的重要内容,而道路横断面设计是城市道路设计中的关键因素。通过对滨海旅游区整体规划、交通流特征、道路功能需求、城市景观等方面的分析,提出了具有旅游区特色的横断面设计方案,可为同类型的工程提供借鉴和参考。     

哈尔滨松花江避暑城道路专项规划研究

以哈尔滨松花江避暑城的道路系统为研究对象,分析了该区域的交通特性,总结并提出了具体的道路规划要求,在此基础上,对避暑城的路网布局、过境交通引导、慢行系统布置、道路等级划分、道路横断面组织等方面进行了深入的规划设计,有关经验可供相关专业人员参考。     

内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发构想

交通需求预测是路网规划和公路建设项目可行性研究的核心内容。现有商业交通需求预测软件以国外软件为主,这些软件价格昂贵,并且没有进行良好的本土化改造,不利于使用。因此开发适合国情、区情的公路交通需求预测软件具有十分重大的意义。文章构建了内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发的基本框架,分析了交通需求预测软件的基本内容和技术路线。     

城市公交中的乘客体验与个体空间占有

立意于对乘客体验的解读,提出＂乘客体验观＂,阐述＂人城和谐＂型的城市公交体系模式,提出个体空间占有概念及衍生公式理论,诠释以乘客体验要素为出发点的城市公交规划和设计思路。     

Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area

Neo-traditional designs, proponents argue, reduce dependency on the automobile and provide attractive environments for walking, bicycling, and transit riding. This paper explores the extent to which this proposition holds for seven traditional neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area that evolved around early streetcar services. Matched-pair comparisons of modal shares and trip generation rates for work trips are made between these neighborhoods and newer auto-oriented suburbs, controlling for the effects of income and, to a lesser extent, existing bus service levels. Pedestrian/bicycle modal shares and trip rates tended to be considerably higher, in some cases five time as high, in transit-oriented than in the paired auto-oriented neighborhood. Transit neighborhoods also averaged around 70 more daily transit work trips per 1,000 households than auto-oriented neighborhoods, though trip rates varied considerably among neighborhood pairs. Higher residential densities were also found to have a proportionately greater impact on transit commuting in transit-oriented than in auto-oriented neighborhoods. The paper concludes that in order to yield significant transportation benefits, neo-traditional development must be coordinated with larger regional planning efforts and public policy initiatives to reduce automobile dependency.     

基于城乡一体化的快速巴士公交系统规划分析

分析了快速巴士公交系统规划的原则、思路及重点,以佛山市域为例,针对城市-城镇-村庄三级组团的结构,建构了主城区-强镇(特色镇)-一般镇-村庄的梯次合理层阶,提出了解决快速巴士公交难题的有效措施。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

基于改进TOPSIS的城市客运综合交通枢纽评价

城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案的优劣对城市综合交通系统的建设发展具有重大影响。为了提高城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的客观性和准确性,结合城市客运综合交通枢纽客流衔接换乘的系统分析,从多维角度出发构建了城市客运综合交通枢纽规划方案评价的多层次指标体系,在遵循方案评价基本原理及城市客运综合交通枢纽特点的基础上,提出了基于改进逼近理想点排序法的评价方法,用于城市客运综合交通枢纽方案的评价,建立城市客运综合交通枢纽综合评价模型。