基于顶层设计的佛山市 TOD综合开发总体策略

为提高轨道交通沿线土地综合开发效益,引导城市轨道交通站点综合开发有序发展并保障对城市可持续发展的支撑作用,基于顶层设计的角度创新研究佛山市 TOD(transit-oriented development)综合开发总体策略。首先,梳理作为粤港澳大湾区重要特大城市的佛山市现阶段轨道交通综合开发工作中面临的利益共享机制缺失、沿线土地未提前收储、场站选址规划统筹不足、轨道建设与综合开发时序错配等实际问题;然后,在建立合理开发的整体协调框架的基础上提出完善顶层设计、加强战略统筹、提前土地整备收储、探索多元供地等开发对策;最后,以佛山市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划线路(4 号线一期、2 号线二期和 11 号线)沿线用地规划实践为例,从顶层政策问题、顶层规划问题(国土空间规划与综合交通规划统筹问题)、土地问题(土地整备收储、多元供地模式问题)、TOD 建设模式问题等多个层面,探索建立符合佛山市特色的综合开发顶层设计实践路径,提出适合佛山市实际的 TOD 综合开发总体策略,有效指导沿线站点周边土地综合开发实施落地,为国内类似的都市圈特大城市提供有借鉴意义的顶层设计实践经验与参考依据。     

北京地铁车站附属建筑的设置

以北京在建地铁4、5号线、10号线一期工程的规划设计、建设实践为基础,分析以往地铁车站附属建筑设置过程中容易忽视的几个细节问题,如车站出入口、通风亭、冷却塔与城市道路红线、建设用地及文物的关系,以及通风亭和冷却塔的建筑形式等。最后得出结论：地铁车站附属建筑设置应结合城市道路近、远期规划科学设置,满足城市道路交叉口渠化、人行道最小宽度要求。现状已实现规划的建设用地内尽量不安排车站附属建筑;位于城市待改造用地内,出入口、通风亭及部分通道应按临时建（构）筑物设计,待规划实施时,其改造方案可与建设项目统一设计;位于正在办理规划审批手续的建设用地内,车站附属建筑应与建设项目作一体化设计。旧城内车站附属建筑设计应做多方案比选,慎重抉择。环控专业应提早参与配合,设计前期应事先确定通风亭、冷却塔的建筑形式,以便预留合适的用地,做到及早控制。     

桥梁模板施工技术应用性研究

桥梁模板是桥梁施工中的重要工具。通过搜集国内外桥梁模板资料,研究总结并提出解决模板工程在桥梁施工中存在各种问题的办法,将对提高工程质量、加快施工速度、提高劳动生产率、降低工程成本和实现桥梁工程的文明施工起到一定的推动作用。     

Can Coastal Management Programs Protect and Promote Water-Dependent Uses?

Anecdotal evidence indicates that commercial and recreational water-dependent uses have been under development pressure in recent years, and in some cases have been converted to other uses. The conversion of water-dependent uses, which range from commercial shipyards to recreational marinas, may have many public costs, including the loss of access to public trust waters, the loss of jobs and associated economic activity, and the loss of traditional working waterfronts. This two-part study investigated the role of five coastal management programs in the northeastern United States in managing, monitoring, and protecting water-dependent uses. First, coastal managers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey were interviewed to assess the conversion problem. Second, in collaboration with New York City-based Regional Plan Association, follow-up interviews were conducted with coastal managers and local planners in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey to gain greater insight into the role of coastal management programs and local governments in managing and promoting water-dependent uses. This article presents select findings from this study and discusses recommendations for improving the capacity of coastal management programs and local governments to manage water-dependent uses for the benefit of the public.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

Environmental protection motivation in coastal zone land‐use legislation

Abstract

Analysis of recent substantive coastal land use management laws shows that their main thrust is to provide for protection of the coastal environment from adverse impacts of uncontrolled development. The four purposes cited most frequently among laws of 17 states were: Protection of wildlife and fisheries, protection of ecosystems or the natural environment, control of development, and enhancement of esthetic values. Other purposes were to: Protect life and property, enhance public recreation, conserve soil, and protect water resources. Development and economic purposes were cited in relatively few laws.     

Thermidor in land use control?

Abstract

In June 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court in Nollan v. California Coastal Commission held against the California Coastal Commission. Did this legal landmark signal the rise of a new, conservative jurisprudence of takings? And if yes, did that imply the demise of what had been accomplished by the so‐called quiet revolution in land use control that swept the country in the late 1960s and early 1970s? The complexities of this case cannot be understood apart from the historical evolution of the Coastal Commission's policies through the 1970s and 1980s, particularly its coastal access policies. Because of these policies the Coastal Commission, since its inception in 1972, has been subjected to all kinds of criticism, but at the same time has been widely praised for its balanced approach. These varying assessments of the role and record of the Commission also underly the conflicting viewpoints and arguments of Justices Scalia, who wrote for the majority in Nollan, and Brennan, who filed an extremely strong dissent. The resulting legal uncertainties, added to the political setbacks suffered from a lukewarm legislature and a hostile governor, forced the Commission to temper its assertive mission of maximizing coastal access, at least for the time being.     

城市公共交通用地综合开发若干问题的思考 ——以北京市为例

为推进城市用地与交通的融合发展,提高城市公共交通用地综合开发效率,促进城市公共交通用地综合开发更好地适应城市交通发展需求,采用文献检索法、专家咨询法及实地调研法等开展研究。首先,对北京市客运交通枢纽综合开发、车辆段上盖物业、轨道交通站点综合开发及公交场站用地综合开发四大类城市公共交通用地综合开发项目发展现状进行了剖析。然后,结合规划、建设及投融资等方面存在的主要问题,分析了城市公共交通用地综合开发项目推进困难的症结所在。最后,提出了相关政策建议：推出城市公共交通用地综合开发统一指导意见;优化土地出让政策,最大化利用公共交通用地;创新投融资机制,减轻政府及企业投资压力;搭建市级平台,统筹协调相关工作。     

城市轨道交通建设中土地效益开发模式探讨

城市轨道交通建设项目投资大、回收期长,如何实现项目的未来收益多元化和经营的可持续发展,一直为人们所关注。现行建设模式以银行贷款为主,导致固定利息支出过高,影响项目未来的融资能力,造成项目资金无法平衡。土地效益开发模式研究了土地资源及其衍生效益,提出了土地效益开发的相应方案。     

孕源断链在土地沙漠化防御技术中的实践剖析

基于灾害的链式理论对现今土地沙漠化问题进行了分析,指出土地沙漠化无论在成因上还是在危害性的表现结果上都呈现出复杂的链式效应,并依据灾害链式效应指出不合理耕作、开采地下水、砍伐树木、过度放牧及日益恶化的生态环境是形成土地沙漠化灾害链的源头因素.根据孕源断链的治灾思路,提出治理沙漠化应从其孕育初期的源头上控制灾害蔓延,切断灾害传播链,并从工程实践入手对其成效进行剖析。