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通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低... 相似文献
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The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. Transport models are generally available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing and labour market, by modelling changes in the spatial distribution of jobs and residents. This paper describes the current TIGRIS XL model and how it can be applied in the evaluation of transport projects. It refers to work done with the TIGRIS XL model to improve the calculation of the direct benefits by applying the so-called ‘logsum’ method. Finally it discusses ideas on how to extend the TIGRIS XL model to address indirect generative effects as well.The current TIGRIS XL model, its integration with the National Model System (the standard tool for the Dutch government to analyse the effects on passenger transport) and basic design principles are the starting point of such an exploration. These design principles include:
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- an emphasis on detail, both spatial as well as in socio-economic segments, to account for differences in the availability of choice alternatives and in choice behaviour, and to provide impacts by region and socio-economic group;
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- the requirement that the relationships used rest on an empirical foundation.
65.
李光德 《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,19(1)
受自身利益的驱使,地方政府通过过度征地实现租金最大化,直接导致土地这一不可再生资源的快速消失。要从根本上解决农地的过度征用,必须将农地征用过程中权益各方的行为动机及其关系放在一个整体性的框架内进行研究,才能对地方政府的征地行为作出全面而深入的分析,进而为规制地方政府的过度征地提出有效对策。 相似文献
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提出一种将基于土地利用的交通需求预测模型与交通尾气排放模型相结合的方法:首先利用交通规划软件Cube连接土地利用与交通,然后结合美国环保局的MOVES尾气排放模型研究交通尾气排放。这种方法可以从宏观上研究土地利用变化对环境的影响,也可以基于环境的变化对土地利用进行评价。 相似文献
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厦门市第二西通道陆域段工程沿厦门岛内繁忙干道兴湖路布设,结构形式多样,安全风险较高。对厦门市第二西通道陆域段工程中浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道、深大明挖基坑、隧道上跨既有地铁隧道等施工中的关键技术问题进行研究。主要研究和结论如下:1)浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道埋深小、跨度大、地质软弱、保持地面交通,控制沉降是施工的关键技术所在。从三导洞工况理论分析看,设计支护和开挖方法是合理可行的,施工中还应结合实际优化具体支护参数,注重受力体系转换环节,加强监控量测,用信息化指导施工。2)深大明挖基坑,关键是要确保基坑支护体系变形受控,结构安全,基坑防水有效,保证基坑和周边建筑物的安全,尤其要注重复合地层组合式围护体系的整体稳定。3)隧道上跨既有地铁隧道,施工中要采取防既有地铁轨道上浮的工程措施,同时加强地铁轨道监控量测,制定好轨道调整预案,保证地铁轨道线型符合规范要求。 相似文献
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An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities. 相似文献
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从土地使用功能、开发强度、沿线土地价值、城市用地布局及地区经济活力5个方面阐述了轨道交通对土地利用的影响。分析了轨道交通对城市空间形态的影响,包括引导城市空间结构调整、促进城市发展轴形成、带动城市中心区和副中心区发展3个方面。探讨了基于轨道交通的城市空间形态发展模式,主要有轴向、组团式、主轴-网络状3种。最后,指出大城市空间形态模式的选择应充分考虑轨道交通的特征,借鉴主轴-网络状模式。 相似文献