自行式沥青路面养护车工程配置的量化分析

基于提高作业效率、降低工程成本和实现合理的养护设备保有量的目的,根据道路病害的成因和长期实地观测的结论,分析了沥青混凝土路面病害数量与自然光候、铺筑质量、行车荷载、养护里程和道路通车年限的关系,并以此为基础,提出了自行式多功能沥青路面养护车工程配置的量化方法。     

电动汽车整车运行性能检测试验技术

电动汽车的生产和制造需要符合相关的标准,并且还要对整车的性能进行测试,只有这样才能更好的符合汽车上路的条件。本文主要是将国标要求作为基础来对电动汽车的最高车速、滑行能力、加速性能、制动性能和爬坡能力和能量消耗率和续航里程进行测试,通过实施一定的检测试验方法和配套的相关试验设备来做好检测,并且要对测试的结果进行分析,对电动汽车的运行性能进行进一步的优化,从而推进我国电动汽车行业的更好发展和进步。     

纯电动商用车异质队列的多目标控制

队列行驶的研究能有效解决商用车货运安全、能耗浪费和环境污染等问题,但现有研究多基于单一跟车目标控制的匀质队列,这在货运场景中无法达到很好的控制效果。本文中构造了纯电动异质商用车队列,为其设计了分布式非线性模型预测控制器。根据道路环境信息和车辆跟车、安全、舒适和节能等特性,分别建立了领航车和跟随车的控制器模型,实现异质队列的多目标控制。为验证所提出控制方法的有效性,由5辆动力学特性相异的商用车组成队列,并搭建了控制仿真平台进行Trucksim/Simulink联合仿真。结果表明,本文中提出的控制算法能有效实现异质商用车队列的多目标控制,与PID定速巡航控制相比,能耗可降低5.3%以上。     

城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统

介绍了城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统的结构、功能.城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统采用六通道能耗计量装置和RFID(射频识别)列车定位技术,实现了对地铁车辆能耗的分类计量.建立GPRS(通用分组无线服务)无线传输数据机制和地铁车辆能耗管理平台,处理并存储能耗数据,自动生成曲线和统计报表,实现地铁车辆能耗信息化管理.该系统已在上海轨道交通1号线01A02车型上试点应用,基本功能已得到验证.     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

A model-based traction control strategy non-reliant on wheel slip information

A traction control system (TCS) for two-wheel-drive vehicles can conveniently be realised by means of slip control. Such a TCS is modified in this paper in order to be applicable to four-wheel-drive vehicles and anti-lock braking systems, where slip information is not readily available. A reference vehicle model is used to estimate the vehicle velocity. The reference model is excited by a saw-tooth signal in order to adapt the slip for maximum tyre traction performance. The model-based TCS is made robust to vehicle modelling errors by extending it with (i) a superimposed loop of tyre static curve gradient control or (ii) a robust switching controller based on a bi-directional saw-tooth excitation signal. The proposed traction control strategies are verified by experiments and computer simulations.     

低动力作用货车转向架动力性能的研究

本文探讨低动力作用货车转向架的原理及其动力性能的计算和评估方法。首先定义9项指标,作为衡量车辆对轨道动力作用的标准。然后研究这些指标的诸因素。在此基础上总结出实现低动力作用的基本途径。本文还应用这些研究成果,提出4种低动力作用货车转向架的设计方案,并通过数值计算,同国内、外主型货车转向架对比,从而论证其在我国铁路采用的可行性。     

Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis.     

基于RFID技术的混凝土搅拌站车辆管理系统

混凝土搅拌站运输车大流量运输作业过程中,传统的人工管理计数、统计、调度、监控等环节的工作十分繁琐,且效率低下。针对人工管理模式的缺陷进行信息化管理模式的改进,将RFID(无线射频识别)技术与计算机软件技术相结合,对进出搅拌站的运输车辆实行无人值守的管理,克服了传统方法的弊端。设备安全耐用,使用方便,系统灵敏可靠,提高了工作效率和经济效益,具有很强的实用性。     

路网环境下考虑大型车混入率的事故疏散诱导模型

大型车的混入对高速公路交通流产生了较大的影响，尤其是在交通事故情景下。为了引导事故条件下驾驶人和组织者做出高效准确的决断，将考虑了大型车混入率的动态空间占有率模型引入到交通波模型，构建干涉与非干涉情景下的交通事故影响模型。以郑尧高速为例，对模型的准确性和可行性进行了验证，分别对干涉情景下的疏散时间、疏散量以及事故发生的位置，车辆数等指标与事故影响程度的指标（包含事故最远排队长度，事故持续时间）关系进行分析。研究结果表明：疏散时间与事故影响程度成正相关关系，疏散量与事故影响程度成负相关关系，而事故发生点与上游匝道之间的距离与其关系不大；道路服务水平为0.456，车辆数为1 321 veh·h^-1时，为了使得分合流区不受影响，在不采取任何措施的情景下，应将大型车混入率控制在50.1%以下，使得最远排队长度在10 km内；当大型车混入率大于58%时，将很难通过干涉引导避免对上游分合流区产生影响；在35 min以内采取干涉措施的效果最为明显，而大于35 min时，事故持续时间会发生一个急剧的增加，不利于路网恢复，之后事故恢复时间将趋于平稳；对道路交通量进行模拟可知交通量每增加50 veh，疏散时间和距离增加的范围为[1.5 min，3.6 min]和[1.209 km，1.543 km]。研究结果可为高速公路事故诱导策略制定和疏散效果提升提供参考。