暗挖双连拱隧道穿越浅基础高层楼群区施工技术

北京城市铁路东直门区间采用双连拱隧道结构形式 ,在富水松散地层中从两栋浅基础高层居民楼中间采用浅埋暗挖法通过 ,施工难度极大。本文主要阐述针对该段复杂的施工边界及约束条件 ,在处理地层与结构、隧道施工与既有建筑物相互作用 ,所采用的技术方法和特殊条件下的高层建筑防护技术 ,以及监测在施工中的应用 ,以期为今后类似工程的施工提供参考和借鉴。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域, 利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验, 提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式, 分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明: 横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比, 与横流的大小及区域长度成正比, 与船型大小(航道等级)成反比, 同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关; 在限制航路航行方式过程中, Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s^-1时, 可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s^-1。     

新型沥青添加剂TPS的性能

为了了解新型添加剂TPS的路用性能, 进行了不同TPS掺量的沥青胶结料的针入度试验、软化点试验、稠度试验、延度及测力延度试验、弹性恢复试验及弯曲蠕变试验、直接拉伸试验, 对加入TPS添加剂后的沥青混合料, 进行了车辙试验、弯曲破坏试验、疲劳试验和冻融劈裂试验, 并与SBS改性沥青混合料的部分试验结果进行了对比。结果表明添加TPS后, 沥青胶结料的感温性、高温性与低温性及沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、抗疲劳性和水稳定性都得到了较大程度的提高, 添加TPS沥青混凝土具有良好的路用性能。     

沥青混合料抗车辙性能的分形描述方法

为了准确模拟沥青混合料抗车辙性能, 采用分形理论分析了沥青混合料微观结构, 研究了粗细集料不同级配分形维数对沥青混合料抗车辙性能的影响, 并根据级配分形维数公式计算了沥青混合料的分形值, 进行了沥青混合料车辙试验和微观结构的电子扫描。分析结果表明: 4.75 mm通过率是集料尺度的分界点, 集料分形维数与抗车辙性能有一致相关性, 分形值越大, 抗车辙能力越高; 根据路用性能设计集料级配可以定量地分析沥青混合料的级配差异和路面性能, 及路面微观结构与宏观路用性能的关系。     

两万吨组合列车制动特性

为了减小重载列车纵向冲动, 提高列车制动特性的同步性, 利用基于空气流动理论的空气制动仿真系统, 计算了列车制动系统的制动管路和各缸室的瞬态气体状态, 获得制动系统动态特性, 预测了两万吨组合列车的紧急制动与常用制动特性, 分析了制动波的传递特性。计算结果表明: 两组合列车可以缩小最大制动时间差50%, 如果在两组合列车尾部配置机车, 最大制动时间差可以缩小75%, 四组合列车最大制动时间差可以缩小75%;紧急制动波速等速前后传递, 常用制动时向前传递的制动波波速要比向后传递的制动波波速小。可见, 组合列车是一种改善列车制动同步性的理想方式。     

基于CNS定位误差的侧向碰撞风险模型

为了有效地确定航路安全间隔与评估碰撞风险, 研究了基于通信、导航、监视(CNS) 定位误差的侧向碰撞风险问题。运用多维随机变量协方差矩阵, 给出了CNS性能环境下侧向定位误差分布函数, 建立了给定间隔下基于CNS定位误差的侧向碰撞风险模型, 并对侧向碰撞风险进行了评估计算。计算结果表明: 某航路侧向碰撞风险为4.8×10^-13, 在安全目标水平5.0×10^-9之内, 因此, 该航路在现有的CNS性能环境下满足安全目标水平要求。     

预应力混凝土工形梁在施工中的侧弯控制

对施加预应力阶段引起工形梁侧弯的原因进行分析,并针对其各影响因素明确侧弯防治措施．同时,对已形成侧弯的工形梁提出处理方案,优化施工工艺,减小吊装阶段引起的侧弯量,可为工形梁的侧弯控制提供参考。     

无背索斜拉桥钢-混凝土组合脊骨主梁的关键受力分析

根据无背索斜拉桥中大悬臂钢-混凝土组合脊骨主梁的结构和受力特点,采用空间有限元法分析了混凝土桥面板徐变对组合脊骨梁内力分配的影响、钢箱梁扭转效应、组合悬臂挑梁受力及荷载横向分布、桥面板剪力滞效应等几个关键性受力问题,并利用外国规范验算了钢箱梁承压板的局部稳定性。由分析可知,混凝土徐变导致脊骨梁中钢箱梁应力增加,混凝土板应力下降;钢箱梁的扭转翘曲正应力可达到弯曲正应力的10%;大悬臂组合行车道板的横向分布计算取3片梁模型即可,且施工中采取预弯措施可防止组合挑梁的混凝土板受拉开裂;《本四桥规》中承压板容许应力计算公式约具有2.0的安全度;混凝土行车道板的剪力滞效应明显,塔梁固结处的行车道板还出现了负剪力滞现象。上述结论可为同类结构设计提供参考。     

Delivering improved alerts,warnings, and control assistance using basic safety messages transmitted between connected vehicles

When vehicles share their status information with other vehicles or the infrastructure, driving actions can be planned better, hazards can be identified sooner, and safer responses to hazards are possible. The Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) is underway in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the purpose is to demonstrate connected technologies in a real-world environment. The core data transmitted through Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (or V2V and V2I) applications are called Basic Safety Messages (BSMs), which are transmitted typically at a frequency of 10 Hz. BSMs describe a vehicle’s position (latitude, longitude, and elevation) and motion (heading, speed, and acceleration). This study proposes a data analytic methodology to extract critical information from raw BSM data available from SPMD. A total of 968,522 records of basic safety messages, gathered from 155 trips made by 49 vehicles, was analyzed. The information extracted from BSM data captured extreme driving events such as hard accelerations and braking. This information can be provided to drivers, giving them instantaneous feedback about dangers in surrounding roadway environments; it can also provide control assistance. While extracting critical information from BSMs, this study offers a fundamental understanding of instantaneous driving decisions. Longitudinal and lateral accelerations included in BSMs were specifically investigated. Varying distributions of instantaneous longitudinal and lateral accelerations are quantified. Based on the distributions, the study created a framework for generating alerts/warnings, and control assistance from extreme events, transmittable through V2V and V2I applications. Models were estimated to untangle the correlates of extreme events. The implications of the findings and applications to connected vehicles are discussed in this paper.