A numerical model of a HIL scaled roller rig for simulation of wheel–rail degraded adhesion condition

Scaled roller rigs used for railway applications play a fundamental role in the development of new technologies and new devices, combining the hardware in the loop (HIL) benefits with the reduction of the economic investments. The main problem of the scaled roller rig with respect to the full scale ones is the improved complexity due to the scaling factors. For this reason, before building the test rig, the development of a software model of the HIL system can be useful to analyse the system behaviour in different operative conditions. One has to consider the multi-body behaviour of the scaled roller rig, the controller and the model of the virtual vehicle, whose dynamics has to be reproduced on the rig. The main purpose of this work is the development of a complete model that satisfies the previous requirements and in particular the performance analysis of the controller and of the dynamical behaviour of the scaled roller rig when some disturbances are simulated with low adhesion conditions. Since the scaled roller rig will be used to simulate degraded adhesion conditions, accurate and realistic wheel–roller contact model also has to be included in the model. The contact model consists of two parts: the contact point detection and the adhesion model. The first part is based on a numerical method described in some previous studies for the wheel–rail case and modified to simulate the three-dimensional contact between revolute surfaces (wheel–roller). The second part consists in the evaluation of the contact forces by means of the Hertz theory for the normal problem and the Kalker theory for the tangential problem. Some numerical tests were performed, in particular low adhesion conditions were simulated, and bogie hunting and dynamical imbalance of the wheelsets were introduced. The tests were devoted to verify the robustness of control system with respect to some of the more frequent disturbances that may influence the roller rig dynamics. In particular we verified that the wheelset imbalance could significantly influence system performance, and to reduce the effect of this disturbance a multistate filter was designed.     

基于GPS/DR的现代有轨电车定位方法研究

针对现代有轨电车运行环境和运营特点,采用GPS定位为主,航位推算为辅的车辆定位方案,确保现代有轨电车在运营线路上定位信息的连续性和完整性。采用卡尔曼滤波等数据处理方法,减少传感器采集数据的零偏漂移和随机漂移,降低航位推算的累积误差,提高定位信息的精确性。由理论分析和跑车试验可以看出,组合定位方案和数据处理方法可以有效实现现代有轨电车在全部运行线路上的跟踪和定位。     

沪通铁路土压力盒标定工装设计及试验研究

为获取精确的测试数据,提出土压力盒标定需求,通过ANSYS建模分析,设计适用于试验室土压力盒的标定工装:承压板直径取32 cm,标定桶高15 cm,内径33 cm,承压板板厚2 cm,标定桶壁厚0.5 cm。并进行了试验研究,试验表明:采用最小二乘法线性拟合获得的相关系数R~2均大于0.99,线性较好,且同一量程下的2个土压力盒的砂标K_1与厂标K_2的比值相近,数据重复性较好,工装合理适用;砂标K_1大于厂标K_2,工程应用之前,结合工程实际进行标定是必要的;量程选取时,使用范围不宜超过土压力盒最大量程的2/3。     

大型O型转子式翻车机端环轨道圆度的测量方法研究

保证翻车机端环结构的刚度,使其回转驱动齿圈保持规范要求的圆度,是设备运转平稳的前提。但准确测量和评价端环轨道的圆度比较困难。本文介绍了一种使用水准仪和经纬仪对在线翻车机端环轨道圆度进行测量,采用最小二乘法对测量数据进行评定的方法,以便有针对性地对端环轨道圆度进行调整。     

最小二乘法在道路纵坡设计中的应用

运用最小二乘法对道路中心线的纵断面地面线进行分段直线拟合,建立最佳纵坡线方程,从而得到最小填挖方数量的道路纵坡设计线,再用设计规范的坡度和坡长限制以达到设计纵坡合理经济的目的。     

基于参数自调整模糊控制方法的半主动空气悬架仿真分析

基于参数自调整模糊控制方法对半主动空气悬架系统进行了仿真分析和试验验证．以某空气悬架大客车1／4车辆模型为仿真对象，设计了参数自调整的模糊控制器，并以随机路面为输入、悬架动行程为约束条件、簧载质量振动加速度和车轮动载荷为评价指标，对模型进行了计算机仿真，同时依据仿真模型设计了空气悬架试验台。仿真和试验结果表明，当汽车行驶工况变化时，引入参数自调整模糊控制方法可以有效降低簧载质量振动加速度和车轮动载荷。     

路面平整度均方差指标与行车舒适性的关系研究

在研究路面平整度均方差指标与路面状态之定量关系的基础上,结合车辆在路面上行驶时所产生的振动对人体所产生的影响,分析研究了路面平整度均方差指标与行车舒适性之间的关系,得出平整度指标与行车舒适性之间具有一定关系,但是平整度指标的高低并不能完全代表行车舒适性的优劣.     

基于最小二乘法的事故再现分析

从提高计算机模拟汽车碰撞事故的实用性出发，以物理学和力学为基础，结合恢复系数、摩擦系数等建立车辆碰撞的力学模型，以已知的碰撞参数离差最小为目标，提出采用穷举法，通过计算机编程来实现基于最小二乘法模型的目标函数求解，进行汽车碰撞事故再现分析，通过对一实际交通事故案例的分析，验证了所采用的方法对事故再现的实用性。     

汽车轮边功率特性快速测试方法的研究

按照一定的测试过程使用底盘测功机测试汽车轮边功率特性,在底盘测功机的转鼓速度同车轮转速没有达到相对稳定时测取底盘测功机的吸收功率,作为该速度下不准确的轮边功率,对此不准确的轮边功率进行修正,获得准确的轮边功率,解决了传统汽车轮边功率特性测试时间过长的问题,对汽车动力性能测试和柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试具有重要的实际意义。     

基于遗传算法的路基土石方数量估算方法

介绍了一种自动选择地面点的方法,通过该方法选择的地面点之间的距离是变化的,而连接这些所选地面点的模拟地面线也较好地吻合了实际地面线,因此利用这些地面点估算所得到的路基土石方数量结果将会比较精确。将模拟地面线和实际地面线之间的误差平方和的最小化作为该方法的目标函数,而将遗传算法作为寻找该方法目标函数最优解的工具。通过一个算例验证了该方法相对于传统方法的优越性。