基于组合赋权和灰色相似关联度的区域公路网服务水平评价方法

为实现区域公路网服务水平的评价,在目标分解的基础上,从定性与定量相结合的角度建立了公路网服务水平评价指标体系。考虑到单一的主、客观评价方法的不足和评价指标的不同重要程度,采用AHP与熵值法相结合的组合赋权方法确定指标权重,提出了加权灰色相似关联度评价模型,从而建立了基于组合赋权和灰色相似关联度的区域公路网服务水平综合评价方法。以宁波市5个地区的公路网为例,对综合评价方法进行了应用,得到服务水平由高到低的排序为鄞州区、余姚市、奉化市、象山县、宁海县,对应的评价值分别为0.944,0.873,0.819,0.815、0.778,评价结果与实际情况相吻合。     

城市轨道交通站台自动扶梯服务水平研究

通过对西安市地铁2号线钟楼站晚高峰时段,站台至站厅层上行扶梯进行的人工观测与视频采集,在自动扶梯处区域划分及行人特性分析基础上,得到速度-密度拟合曲线。以人均占据面积为标准得出适用于西安市城市轨道交通的自动扶梯服务水平分级。结果表明,本分级方案对我国城市轨道交通站点运营中的实际情况具有较强的针对性,并具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

基于遗传BP网络的城市空气质量等级预测

针对空气污染诱因复杂、影响机理非线性等特点,选用遗传BP网络,对城市空气质量等级进行短期预测.分别使用2类共10种方案对数据进行了关联,使用遗传算法对输入变量进行了筛选,对BP网络的网络结构、权值和阀值进行了优化.仿真结果表明,经优化后的BP网络对未来8天空气质量等级的平均预测正确率达67.1%.     

枢纽下游水位降落问题探讨

根据有关文献报道,对国内外部分已建枢纽坝下河床调整及水位降落情况进行了综述。分析了影响河床调整的主要因素以及河床调整与水位降落的关系,提出了防止水位降落影响通航水流条件的治理措施。     

Dynamics of suprabenthos-zooplankton communities around the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental variables and effects on the biological cycle of Aristeus antennatus

Dynamics of suprabenthos and zooplankton were analyzed in two areas located in the NW (off Sóller harbour) and S (off Cabrera Archipelago) of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) at depths ranging between 135–780 m. Four stations situated respectively at 150 m (shelf-slope break), and at bathyal depths of 350, 650 and 750 m were sampled at bi-monthly intervals during six cruises performed between August 2003 and June 2004. Suprabenthos showed maximum biomass in both areas from late spring to summer (April to August), while minimum biomass was found in autumn (September–November). Though variable, temporal dynamics of zooplankton showed peaks of biomass in late winter and summer (February and June), while minimals occurred in autumn (August–September) and, at bathyal depths, in April. Suprabenthos (abundance; MDS analyses) showed a sample aggregation as a function of depth (3 groups corresponding to the shelf-slope break, upper slope — over 350 m; and the middle, deeper part of the slope — over 650–750 m), without any separation of hauls by season. By contrast, zooplankton samples were separated by season and not by depth. There was evidence of three seasonal groups corresponding to summer (June 2004–August 2003), autumn–winter (September and November 2003, February 2004), and spring (April 2004), being especially well established off Sóller. In general, suprabenthos was significantly correlated with the sediment variables (e.g. total organic matter content (% OM), potential REDOX), whereas zooplankton was almost exclusively dependent on Chl a at the surface, which suggests two different food sources for suprabenthos and zooplankton. The increase of suprabenthos abundance in April–June was paralleled by a sharp increase (ca. 2.8 times) in the %OM on sediment during the same period, coupled ca. 1–2 months of delay with the peak of surface Chl a recorded in February–March (from satellite imagery data). Suprabenthos biomass was also correlated with salinity close to the bottom, suggesting a link between suprabenthos abundance and changes in the oceanographic condition of water masses close to the bottom. It is suggested that a higher suprabenthos biomass recorded off Sóller in comparison to that off Cabrera in June could, in turn, be related to a seasonal inflow of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in April–June in this area at mid bathyal depths (350–650 m). This trend would be based on: 1) it was evident only at mid-slope depths between 350–750 m, coinciding with the LIW distribution, and 2) it was not recorded among zooplankton (collected throughout the water column). The possible effect of the fluctuations of suprabenthos and zooplankton on higher trophic levels has been explored studying the diet and food consumption rates of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, as indicator species by its dominance in bathyal communities. A. antennatus increased its food consumption from February to April–June 2004 off Sóller, which in the case of large (CL > 40 mm) specimens was found in both areas. In addition, there was a shift of diet from winter to spring–early summer. In this last period, A. antennatus preyed upon euphausiids and mesopelagic decapods and fish, while benthos (e.g. polychaetes and bivalves) decreased in the diet. This indicates an increase in the food consumption and probably in the caloric content of the diet in pre-spawning females in April–June 2004, which is synchronized with the period when gonad development begins in A. antennatus females (May–June). Anyway, macrozooplankton, and not suprabenthos, is crucial as a high energetic food source in the coupling between food intake and reproduction in the red shrimp.     

PHONON-EXCITON MECHANISM IN YBa2Cu3O7-δ SYSTEM

In this paper, based on the phonon-exciton mechanism, the superconductivity of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) system is explained. The transition temperature (Tc) 's formula is derived by the extended BCS-Eliashberg theory, i.e. phonon-exciton mechanism and McMillan's energy gap function, and the Tc's expressions isreduced by using the Einstein spectrum. Last, the calculating method of element metal effective phonon spectrum is used to the high Tc cuprate YBCO system by using a crystal average atom approximation model. The theoretical analysis and calculational results show that the superconductivity of high Tc YBCO system maybe described by phonon-exciton model.     

Parametric study of wheel transitions at railway crossings

Vehicle–track interaction at railway crossings is complex due to the discontinuity of the crossings. In this study, the effect of the local crossing geometry, the track alignment, and the wheel profiles on the wheel transition behaviour is investigated using the multi-body system software package VI-Rail. The transition behaviour is evaluated based on the location of the transition point along the crossing (and the location of impact), the contact pressure and the energy dissipation during the wheel–rail contact. A detailed parametric study of the crossing geometry has been performed, through which the most effective parameters for defining the crossing geometry are identified. These parameters are the cross-sectional shape of the nose rail, which can be tuned by one variable, and the vertical distance between the top of the wing rail and the nose rail. Additionally, a parametric study on the interaction influence of the crossing geometry, the track alignment and the wheel profile is performed using the design of experiments method with a two-level full factorial design. The longitudinal height profile of the crossing and the wheel profile are the most significant factors.     

作战模拟训练系统中导调框架的设计

导调系统是模拟训练系统中必不可少的部分,是确保训练正常有序运行、实现人与系统交互的关键.通过设计构建导调系统框架,对其基本功能,体系结构、运行流程进行说明,并对主要功能模块及关键技术的实现方案作了详细分析.此框架具备一定的通用性,可以在多个层次的作战模拟训练系统中得到应用,可提高系统开发效率.     

不同型式路桥过渡段动力特性对比分析

针对路桥过渡段的动力响应问题,通过建立轨道路基动力分析模型,结合商业软件FLAC对某客运专线加筋土路桥过渡段、级配碎石路桥过渡段进行了仿真分析,将2种过渡段的计算结果进行对比分析、并将加筋土路桥过渡段的计算结果与实测数据进行比较,结果表明该模型能反映系统振动特性,并从理论上论证了加筋土路桥过渡段比级配碎石路桥过渡更能阻止动应力与振动加速度在路基中的传播,能使路基受到更小的动荷载影响.     

管道输沙两层流动模型分界面位置的确定

在重力作用下,泥沙沿输送管道横截面的分布呈现上层稀疏下层浓密的特点。据此可将整个流动简化为具有不同平均速度和平均浓度的两层流动。以中沙在直径为150 mm管道上的实测流动为例,用迭代方法确定了两层流动的分界面位置,结果表明两层流动模型能够刻画泥沙在管道中流动的主要特征和内部结构。