水泥混凝土路面板下地基脱空状况的评定与分析

以重复荷载下的接缝工作特性为基础,通过对第一传荷状态临界荷载及其对应弯沉影响因素的分析,指出脱空对弯沉的影响是显著的,并提出以第一传荷状态临界荷载与对应弯沉为指标的脱空评定模型与评定方法,使评定工作在单板系统基础上进行,排除了接缝传荷状况不确定的影响。最后,给出脱空尺寸与弯沉典型回归关系式,从而能够利用FWD对水泥混凝土路面板下脱空进行快速评定。     

盾构法T接隧道结构受力现场试验研究——以宁波轨道交通3号线联络通道为例

为了了解盾构法T接隧道在施工过程中主隧道外部的荷载以及响应,以国内第一条使用机械法施工的联络通道--宁波轨道交通3号线为背景进行研究。本文通过研究施工过程中的施工工况节点,现场监测主隧道结构的外荷载、收敛变形并计算结构内力,得到在整个施工过程中主隧道的结构响应及其变化规律。通过本文的研究,可以得出以下结论： 1）施工过程可依据外部荷载和结构体系进行划分工况,各工况具有明显的不同响应; 2）始发端和接收端的内力变化主要受到盾构顶力和外部注浆荷载的影响,且主要影响切削侧,切削过程中的内力增量在10%～20%,注浆压力影响的增量部分达到了50%; 3）各环及内支撑轴力增量在200 kN以下,破洞位置导致的轴力损失可以由其余位置共同承担,不需要特殊的破洞阶段超载设计。     

三峡左岸电站500kV输电线路杆塔桩基础静载试验

以三峡左岸电站500kV输电线路杆塔桩基础静载试验工程为实例，介绍单桩垂直静载抗压试验、单桩垂直静载抗拔试验、单桩水平静载抗推试验，供同类工程参考。     

动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验

为了研究动力湿化作用下渗流水在粗粒土高路堤内的迁移特性,自主研发设计制作一种室内喷洒降雨装置及车辆动力荷载模拟装置,开展动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验,从时间和空间2个角度描述渗流水在路堤内的迁移特性,然后根据模型试验结果,建立粗粒土渗流场时空演化机制,揭示动力湿化作用下的粗粒土高路堤边坡渐变失稳发育机理。研究结果表明：基于相似理论,开展粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验可以较为真实地反映粗粒土高路堤在动力湿化作用下渗流水的迁移特性;动力湿化作用下,湿润锋首先在路堤边坡表面形成,并逐渐从边坡表面向内部拓展,在坡顶处的拓展速率较小,坡脚处的拓展速率较大;受湿润锋演变规律的影响,路堤边坡监测点负孔隙水压力逐渐减小,体积含水率逐渐增大,坡前应力逐渐增加,位于坡脚浅层区域的应力增加速度较快;依据渗流水的迁移规律,将渗流影响范围内的土体自上而下分为浅层暂态饱和区、渗流水填充区及渗流水湿润区;在动力湿化作用下,粗粒土高路堤边坡将逐渐产生沿坡脚深层滑移的渐变趋势。     

混合气分层对HCCI汽油机极限负荷和燃烧特性的影响

对比研究HCCI汽油机在不同空燃比下采用混合气分层策略时的极限负荷、NOx排放量和燃油经济性,考察了在此策略下过量空气系数λ和EGR率对HCCI发动机燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,混合气分层压缩燃烧模式能有效降低HCCI燃烧的压力升高率,具有拓展负荷范围的潜力,但同时也使NOx排放增加;适当的过量空气系数能在一定程度上改善HCCI发动机的燃烧特性,采用9%的EGR率时发动机油耗率最低,具有明显节油效果。     

无背索斜拉桥钢-混凝土组合脊骨主梁的关键受力分析

根据无背索斜拉桥中大悬臂钢-混凝土组合脊骨主梁的结构和受力特点,采用空间有限元法分析了混凝土桥面板徐变对组合脊骨梁内力分配的影响、钢箱梁扭转效应、组合悬臂挑梁受力及荷载横向分布、桥面板剪力滞效应等几个关键性受力问题,并利用外国规范验算了钢箱梁承压板的局部稳定性。由分析可知,混凝土徐变导致脊骨梁中钢箱梁应力增加,混凝土板应力下降;钢箱梁的扭转翘曲正应力可达到弯曲正应力的10%;大悬臂组合行车道板的横向分布计算取3片梁模型即可,且施工中采取预弯措施可防止组合挑梁的混凝土板受拉开裂;《本四桥规》中承压板容许应力计算公式约具有2.0的安全度;混凝土行车道板的剪力滞效应明显,塔梁固结处的行车道板还出现了负剪力滞现象。上述结论可为同类结构设计提供参考。     

Impact of an electrified parkade on the built environment: An unsupervised learning approach

Proposed legislation in British Columbia would require 30 percent of new car sales to be zero-emission vehicles by 2030, and 100 percent by 2040. The growing amount of energy demand and usage data from smart meters or internet of things (IoT) devices enables new research areas. We reporton machine learning approaches to reevaluate the impacts of battery electric vehicles (BEV) on the built environment. We developed a daily power profile analysis based on unsupervised learning, to understand the underlying structure of building and BEV charging station demand data. In addition, we have implemented a load aggregation method based on the features revealed by a clustering process. This aggregation method simulates the electricity demand of an arbitrary number of charging stations, all of which are connected to the main feeder of a building. Several scenarios are simulated using charging stations and building demand data from the University of British Columbia campus in Vancouver. Results for 150 charging stations revealed that the feeder load could increase from a peak load scenario of 300 kW to more than 1000 kW during a high-consumption weekday.     

200 kN·m扭矩标准装置技术研究

以200kN·m扭矩标准装置的技术设计为主线,介绍大扭矩刀口支承静重式标准装置的原理、结构、功能,以及装置的主要技术设计方案和整机测量不确定度情况。200 kN·m大扭矩标准装置的研发成功为我国高准确度大扭矩量值传递提供了技术手段,促进了产品大扭矩参数量传工作在全国范围内的深入开展。     

基于公交IC卡信息的城市公交满载率指标计算方法

为减少传统城市公交满载率指标测算过程的人力投入并提高指标计算结果的准确性，利用公交IC卡刷卡信息、公交GPS信息、公交站点信息和公交车辆信息，通过各类信息衔接分析，提出了基于公交IC卡的公交满载率指标计算思路。采用MYSQL搭建分析数据库，通过编程代码自动关联识别和快速分析大数据，计算出城市公交线路的满载率指标值。通过案例分析发现，相比传统公交满载率调查方法，基于公交IC卡信息的公交满载率指标计算能找到更精确的最大客流断面、得出更精确的计算结果，并且运算过程更高效，能有效节约人力，可为同类城市测算城市公交满载率指标、分析城市公交乘客的出行特征提供参考。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.