盾构机采用水土平衡法通过中间风井的技术

盾构机通过中间风井的一般方式是:先完成全部中间风井主体结构,洞门处地下连续墙钢筋混凝土结构,而后盾构机过站,指出这相当于完成一次到站、平移、再次始发的过程,造成涌水涌砂风险集中.随后介绍一种工法:临时回填风井底板结构,盾构从回填土中穿越,最后开挖并修筑中间风井结构,以此降低盾构过风井的涌水涌砂风险.     

基于三维实景模型公路桥梁BIM正向设计研究

采用Midas CIM桥梁三维正向设计软件,依托濮阳至聊城高速公路卫城枢纽主线跨线桥工程,基于三维实景模型开展节点桥梁BIM正向设计。将三维模型输出的钢箱梁关键指标与传统二维设计模式输出的结果进行对比分析,结果表明三维正向设计结果可靠,可实现设计阶段BIM模型向施工阶段数字化交付。     

无桥台斜腿刚架桥三维弹塑性分析

以武汉绕城公路K46 024 5跨线桥为原型,建立三维实体模型进行弹塑性分析,模型中考虑桥与周围土体的相互作用,得到无桥台斜腿刚架桥的真实位移、应力和破坏区域的分布,并与常规设计所采用的强迫位移法进行比较,分析常规设计计算的结果与桥的真实受力状态的差别。对于相互作用问题,本文提出土体计算范围与计算跨径的合理比值,从而为该桥型的设计与计算提供有重要参考价值的科研依据。     

超大跨度斜拉桥施工过程力学行为

斜拉桥结构效应在施工过程中具有典型的时空变化特性，但目前对效应的时程特性及时空包络关注较少。建立精细的几何非线性分析模型，分析主跨1088m的苏通大桥施工过程力学行为，包括施工阶段效应增量、效应时程、效应包络及恒载效应。研究结果有助于结构设计和施工控制。     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

向量法在不规则隧道边仰坡面积计算中的应用

根据隧道边仰坡三维坐标测量数据,通过计算边仰坡斜面和投影水平面的法向量,进而计算两面之间夹角的方法,反算边仰坡斜面面积,在类似不规则隧道边仰坡等斜面面积计算中具有广泛的应用价值。     

Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

现浇薄壁筒桩技术及其施工工艺

介绍现浇混凝土薄壁筒桩技术以及与其它形式桩基技术的比较.     

船舶艉轴机械密封环温度场与变形的理论研究

在船舶艉轴的机械密封中,不同材料的配合将产生不同数值的磨损和变形量。基于ANSYS有限元软件,建立橡胶-硬质合金密封的二维热-力耦合模型,分析力与温度场、力与变形之间关系。结果表明,静环橡胶的温度最高点和磨损严重区域发生在二维耦合模型中接触端面的上端面;动环和静环由最初的全端面接触变为部分接触,间隙呈锥度形状;在二维耦合模型中,随着端面比压的增大,下端面变形量增加的梯度明显大于上端面变形量增加的梯度。