软弱富水Ⅵ级围岩隧道下穿道路及数值分析

研究目的:针对江门隧道软弱富水Ⅵ级围岩段隧道施工难题,为保证隧道施工安全及下穿段道路的运营安全,选择合适的超前预加固方式和隧道开挖方法。研究结论:(1)采用施作水平旋喷桩超前加固、大管棚超前支护和CRD工法进行开挖,保证了隧道下穿段的施工安全。(2)借助有限元计算软件,对隧道开挖过程进行全过程数值模拟,对开挖过程中围岩应力和位移变化趋势进行分析,确定施工控制和地表变形监测重点。(3)在施工过程中钢架需及时封闭成环,防止底部出现较大的位移,产生底臌现象。     

梅花山隧道进口浅埋段定位导向跟管钻进法长大管棚施工技术

赣州至龙岩铁路梅花山隧道进口段地势低洼,且埋深较浅,洞口偏压,采用水平导向跟管钻进法一次性完成60 m长管棚超前支护,该施工技术可有效解决大管棚搭接及工作空间无法在超浅埋地段实现的难题,为类似山岭隧道的超浅埋施工提供经验。     

轨道交通长大线路存在的 问题及思考

在借鉴国内外有关研究的基础上,深入分析重庆原规划轨道交通长大线路存在的问题,认真总结国内外其他城市在解决轨道交通长大线路方面的经验,针对重庆特有的空间结构特征,提出轨道快线的概念,并阐述轨道快线实施的可能性。     

常规沥青的针入度等级和PG高温等级间的关系

选取了具有代表性和涵盖性的7种常规沥青试样,分别进行了薄膜烘箱老化前后的25℃针入度和多个温度下的动态剪切试验;测试了沥青胶浆以及经现场老化的常规沥青的25℃针入度及其PG高温指标。在综合分析各种沥青的试验结果的基础上,提出了常规沥青的针入度等级和SUPERPAVE的PG高温等级间的关系。     

超大跨度斜拉桥施工过程力学行为

斜拉桥结构效应在施工过程中具有典型的时空变化特性，但目前对效应的时程特性及时空包络关注较少。建立精细的几何非线性分析模型，分析主跨1088m的苏通大桥施工过程力学行为，包括施工阶段效应增量、效应时程、效应包络及恒载效应。研究结果有助于结构设计和施工控制。     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.     

Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

港珠澳大桥长寿命海工高性能混凝土配制

针对120 a设计使用年限要求,阐述港珠澳大桥不同主体结构海工高性能混凝土基本性能设计的原则。在暴露试验得出的混凝土长期耐久性影响因素的基础上,系统研究配合比参数对混凝土性能的影响,介绍满足桥梁、隧道等不同结构工作性、强度、耐久性及体积稳定性要求的长寿命海工高性能混凝土的配制基本思路与方法。     

基于 GIS-BIM 技术的山地城市长大通道选线方案及空间协同论证研究

山地城市长大通道具有地形条件复杂、里程长、控制因素多、工程投资大的特征。在国土空间规划“三区三线”划定落地的背景下,通道选线阶段应提前做好与“三区三线”的协同对接,集约利用土地等资源。针对山地城市长大通道的特征,分析线路设计方法与原则。以重庆中心城区—綦万快速通道工程为例,运用三维GIS技术建立基于大范围地形数据的基础模型,对路线方案进行三维可视化模拟分析,进行山地城市长大通道选线及空间协同论证实例分析。