山区公路避险车道的设置

连续下坡和载重汽车的结合对于载重汽车驾驶员和其他驾驶员存在着潜在的危险。山岭区连续长下坡路段失控车辆尤其是大型车辆冲出路基造成重大事故的案例时有发生。避险车道的合理设置,并配置标志、护栏、坡顶设置刹车检查站等服务设施可有效地预防事故的发生。本文主要介绍避险车道在国内外的发展情况、避险车道的设置位置及避险车道的设计方法。     

避险车道制动距离计算方法研究

国内外的实践经验已经证明,避险车道改善连续长大下坡路段交通安全问题最常用且最有效的工程措施。避险车道制动距离的计算是避险车道设计中的关键问题。介绍了3种制动距离计算方法,分别为:基于运动学原理的分析方法,基于动量原理的分析方法,以及基于实车试验的经验数据拟合方法,并介绍了各种计算方法的原理与计算过程,总结了各种计算方法的优缺点。对避险车道制动距离的探讨,可为避险车道的长度设计提供重要参考。     

无锡市西环线匝道桥预应力筋张拉伸长量计算

该文以无锡市西环线匝道桥为例,从计算公式、计算参数的取值等方面逐一阐述了预应力筋空间曲线布置时伸长量计算方法及过程。     

Effect of wind speed variation on the dynamics of a high-speed train

The severe shaking due to wind speed variation in high-speed trains has a negative impact on driving safety and riding comfort. It is difficult to solve this problem by directly applying civil engineering technology because of the actual conditions. Therefore, set up a reasonable train operation plan considering the wind speed variation under strong winds is very important. In this study, a multi-body simulation model of a CRH2 high-speed rail vehicle is constructed, and the overturning coefficient is set as the safety limit, we established a crosswind model on the basis of measured wind speed curves and investigated the effect of the rate of wind speed changes, the duration of maximum wind speed and the variation of wind speed in different amplitude on the dynamics of the high-speed train. Considering the most critical wind speed variation conditions, the characteristic wind curve is obtained, which can be used as a reference to set up a reasonable train operation scheme considering the wind speed variation.     

涪陵乌江二桥螺旋匝道设计

涪陵乌江二桥螺旋匝道桥采用双层环形结构，道路中心线半径45．0m。内、外幅箱梁全桥范围内结构连续，通过大悬臂挑梁，与桥墩连为一体实现墩梁固结。介绍该匝道桥结构形式和受力特点，并就小半径曲线连续箱梁桥的受力特点进行分析。     

智能网联车环境下高速匝道汇入车流轨迹优化模型

为了解决传统匝道控制车流汇入时车辆需要减速至停止,从而造成延误时间过长的问题,提出了一种智能网联车环境下的高速匝道汇入车辆轨迹优化的两阶段优化模型,其中,第1 阶段优化车辆进入匝道口的时序;第2 阶段基于第1 阶段的最优时序,优化车辆轨迹. 根据所构建的模型设计了一种启发式算法优化车辆通过匝道冲突区域的时序,然后结合 GPOPS工具优化车辆的轨迹.为了验证所提出方法的有效性,将所提出的方法应用到20 min 随机到达的车流,进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,与先进先出的方法相比,本文所提出的方法能够使总延误减少59.7%,总油耗减少10.5%,说明该方法能够实现车辆以较高的速度通过匝道冲突区域,有效地减少了车辆汇入延误,同时也节约了油耗.     

立交匝道的超高与横坡

为配合建设部《城市道路交叉设计规程》的编写 ,本文根据目前道路超高与横坡设计的习惯做法 ,结合国内外已取得的成功经验 ,针对城市立交匝道 ,从道路条件和行驶舒适性分别阐述了最大横坡和横向摩阻系数的取用原则 ,对比了超高与横向摩阻系数在平衡车辆行驶于弯道所产生的侧向离心力的各种组合及协同作用 ,总结提出了适合我国的立交匝道超高与横坡设计的各项设计指标和设计方法。     

通惠河北路立交匝道桥设计简介

介绍北京通惠河北路道路立交中的Z3、Z4匝道桥钢箱梁的构造、设计和施工特点。     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于人工神经网络的快速路入口匝道流量预测

已有快速路入口匝道控制手段是以定时控制方法为主,虽然存在动态调整等方法,但缺乏预测机制,这主要是由于车流的动态性和随机性而难以进行定量分析,引入人工神经网络可对车流进行动态预测。分析了影响主线交通量的与匝道相关的因素,并在此基础上建立了神经网络预测模型,通过上海典型匝道（延安路-江苏路）一组实测数据对网络进行训练和预测,得到了满意的效果。