对我国大城市小汽车可持续发展问题的思考——以北京为例

从城市发展、城市交通发展模式和居民消费水平的角度出发,对我国大城市小汽车可持续发展问题进行探讨,提出我国大城市小汽车的发展应明确分阶段目标,采取有效措施遏制当前小汽车的发展速度,并应控制适度规模,这对于我国城市小汽车交通的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。     

考虑汽车共享服务的出行方式选择影响因素研究

为了分析汽车共享服务对城市出行者出行方式选择行为的影响,基于随机效用理论,运用行为调查和意向调查数据,以汽车共享服务、出租车、地铁三种出行方式作为选择肢,构建多项Logit模型,并应用SPSS软件对模型进行拟合检验与参数估计。研究表明：性别、年龄、最常使用交通工具、日常通勤单程距离、出行距离和汽车共享服务收费标准均会对出行者的汽车共享服务选择行为产生显著影响;中青年男性更倾向于选择汽车共享服务出行,且随着出行距离的增加、汽车共享服务收费标准的降低,汽车共享服务被选择的概率会增大;相较于出租车,日常通勤单程距离为20~30km的出行者更倾向于选择汽车共享服务;相较于地铁,最常使用交通工具为私家车的出行者选择汽车共享服务的概率更大。因此,为提高汽车共享服务被选择概率,应提高用户体验、服务水平,合理设置收费标准。     

18-578型与18-100型转向架的技术比较

介绍了俄罗斯乌拉尔车辆厂近年来开发并投入生产的轴重23.5t新一代货车转向架的技术性能和结构特点,并与现有的18-100型转向架进行了比较。     

俄罗斯货车车体用高强度钢和铝合金

介绍了俄罗斯新开发的货车车体用高强度钢的化学成分和机械性能。     

大型营运客车在高速公路的换道安全性辨识

为了给大型营运客车换道预警系统设计提供参考,采用毫米波雷达、激光雷达、车道线识别传感器、GPS、视频监控系统以及控制器局域网（CAN）总线数据采集仪等设备,基于小型乘用车搭建浮动车采集平台。通过在试验线路上进行1.5×10⁴ km的驾驶试验,获取1 200余次营运客车的真实换道数据。以Jula提出的换道安全性模型为基础,结合营运客车的换道行为特征,通过分析换道进程结束后客车需要与周围车辆保持的安全距离,建立适合于营运客车的3类换道安全性识别模型（客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆）,并利用真实数据对3类模型进行验证。研究结果表明：客车换道持续时间均值为10.4 s,换道起始时刻与目标车道后方车辆的距离为10.0~40.0 m;所有换道样本中,73.3%的换道过程中客车速度要高于目标车道后方车辆,且超过90%的换道过程是由前方慢车引起;不同的速度区间下,车速和航向角联合变化情况下,驾驶人控制营运客车的横向偏移速度保持稳定,可认为客车驾驶人的心理预期换道进程存在固定经验模式,这与小型车换道的研究结论存在较大差异,传统的TTC预警算法识别率较低,在不同速度区间情况下,所提出的模型对客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆的换道安全识别评价准确率均超过了90%。     

北京现代索纳塔轿车F4A33型自动变速器故障的诊断

北京索纳塔F4A33型自动变速器的控制系统由输入装置、输出装置和TCM控制模块3部分组成。介绍了该自动变速器自诊断故障代码的提取、故障代码的清除及故障诊断。     

基于SIMP理论的电动汽车车身多目标拓扑优化

为在电动汽车车身概念设计阶段得到合理的承载结构,综合考虑静动态特性,进行了多目标拓扑优化.基于带惩罚的实体各向同性材料(SIMP)理论,采用折衷规划法定义静态多工况目标函数,用平均频率法定义动态振动频率目标函数,并通过对各目标函数归一化消除其数量级差异;利用优化准则法更新设计变量进行优化迭代,得到同时满足静态刚度和动态振动频率要求的电动汽车车身拓扑结构.     

How does environmental concern influence mode choice habits? A mediation analysis

Starting from the intuition that people with high environmental concern have a better perception of public transport and therefore a better perception of the utility of public transport, we construct a theoretical model in which the effect of environmental concern on mode choice habits is mediated by the indirect utility of travel. Travel procures the direct utility of providing access to activities, but it also offers an indirect utility that is inherently personal and perceptual. We approach the indirect utility of public transport by measuring perceptions of time and feelings. The indirect utility of the car is approached by measuring affective and symbolic motives. Taking into account car use habits and habits of public transport use, the results show that people who have a high environmental concern perceive public transport use as easier, more useful and more pleasurable than people who do not have that environmental motivation. Such positive attitudes foster public transport use. Conversely, low environmental concern generates non-instrumental motives for car use, such as affective and symbolic motives. However, the relationship between affective and symbolic motives and car use habits is not robust. We can conclude that environmental concern influences mode choice habits and that the effect is partially mediated by perceptions and feelings towards public transport but not significantly by affective and symbolic motives for car use.     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles' active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

DZ1型电气化铁道接触网作业车的研制

对国内外电气化铁道接触网作业车的结构形式及性能进行比较,详细介绍了DZ1型电气化铁道接触网作业车较为先进的功能特点,并展示了该车将为铁路电气化施工事业中提供新型技术装备的良好前景。