基于改进Wagner方法的轴对称体入水“后时段”砰击载荷数值计算

文章基于三维边界元方法研究了三维轴对称体入水砰击载荷的数值算法。算法从三维力学模型出发,继承Wagner自由液面抬升理论,引入浸深因子Cw以确定自由液面抬升高度,将自由液面线性化处理,同时考虑网格运动,在自由液面附近对网格进行截断重构,以确保水下湿面积的精准。算法中使用考虑加权运动项的非线性伯努利方程计算得到入水结构的表面压力,进一步积分可得入水结构的总体受力;另外,算法中引入虚拟面元的概念,将砰击载荷计算时历延长至液面高于坠物制高点之后,扩大了传统入水载荷计算的时历范围,并且文中引用Alaoui半球入水试验,对算法的正确性及适用性进行了验证。     

集装箱航运网络拓扑特性研究

从复杂网络理论角度出发,验证了集装箱航运网络具备无标度和小世界特性,由集装箱航运网络节点度分布、度相关性以及度与介数相关性分析得到了度较大的节点对集装箱航运网络影响程度较大的结论.选择度较大节点作为优先攻击目标,随机生成节点序列作为出错目标,进而比较出错和攻击对集装箱航运网络聚集系数、平均距离和网络效率等重要网络特性的影响.通过分析发现集装箱航运网络具有较好的鲁棒性,同时也具有较大的脆弱性.     

三塔悬索桥中塔上横梁合龙施工技术

武汉鹦鹉洲长江大桥为（200＋850＋850＋200） m 三塔四跨悬索桥结构,中塔采用钢-混凝土叠合结构,其中钢塔塔柱、上横梁分段吊装,节段间采用高强度螺栓连接。中塔上横梁在横桥向分为两段,采用分段无支架悬臂安装,使用小型调节工件配合进行节段合龙控制。通过建立有限元计算模型,模拟上横梁施工过程中各主要工况下塔顶变形及合龙口位移值。工程实施中,利用有限元计算结果,对施工过程进行控制,顺利实施了上横梁合龙施工。     

某水下发射装置自由弯曲振动的流固耦合分析(英文)

A pneumatic launcher is theoretically investigated to study its natural transverse vibration in water. Considering the mass effect of the sealing cover, the launcher is simplified as a uniform cantilever beam with a top point mass. By introducing the boundary and continuity conditions into the motion equation, the natural frequency equation and the mode shape function are derived. An iterative calculation method for added mass is also presented using the velocity potential function to account for the mass effect of the fluid on the launcher. The first 2 order natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed in external flow fields and both external and internal flow fields. The results show good agreement with both natural frequencies and mode shapes between the theoretical analysis and the FEM studies. Also, the added mass is found to decrease with the increase of the mode shape orders of the launcher.And because of the larger added mass in both the external and internal flow fields than that in only the external flow field, the corresponding natural frequencies of the former are relatively smaller.     

Numerical simulation of the water entry of a structure in free fall motion

To solve the problems concerning water entry of a structure, the RANS equations and volume of fluid （VOF） method are used. Combining the user-defined function （UDF） procedure with dynamic grids, the water impact on a structure in free fall is simulated, and the velocity, displacement and the pressure distribution on the structure are investigated. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the experimental data, and solidly consistent results have been achieved, which validates the numerical model. Therefore, this method can be used to study the water impact problems of a structure.     

一种严密的高精度自由设站方法研究

为提高全站仪自由设站精度,降低全站仪挑选标准,从而增强全站仪的适用性,本文详细研究了全站仪加常数、乘常数及竖盘指标差等误差对自由设站精度的影响,并针对不同误差源提出了提高全站仪自由设站精度的不同处理方法:(1)对于能快捷测定的系统误差通过外业现场测定系统消除;(2)对于不易测定的系统误差和偶然误差通过附加参数的平差方式...     

自锚式悬索桥吊索张拉无应力状态仿真分析方法

自锚式悬索桥吊索张拉过程中结构几何非线性突出,吊索索力互相影响,体系转换十分复杂,使用常规的正装或倒装法分析难度较大。针对吊索张拉过程中吊索无应力长度仅在吊索张拉时才发生改变,不随外荷载的变化而变化这一客观规律,提出吊索张拉的无应力状态仿真分析方法。以该方法为指导,分析和模拟国内某自锚式悬索桥的吊索张拉过程。实践证明,应用无应力状态方法可准确地对吊索张拉过程进行仿真模拟,且计算结果精度高,方法简便,实施效果良好。     

钢管混凝土拱桥动力特性测试

介绍了动力特性测试基本原理、常用激振方法及钢管混凝土拱桥动力特性测试时传感器布置等方面的一些考虑,分析了环境随机激振法与自由衰减振动信号谱分析法的特点及异同,测试结果表明,自由衰减振动信号谱分析法可以更好的识别结构固有频率。     

基于SPS-SPH方法的自由表面流动数值模拟

SPS-SPH方法是为了克服经典SPH方法中人工粘性过于分散的缺点,以及克服改进的SPH方法中层流粘性不能准确捕捉湍流流体运动的不足。该方法借鉴大涡模拟方法的思想提出了一个亚粒子尺度(Sub-Particle Scale,简称SPS)涡粘性项并将它附加在Morris的层流粘性项之后。分别采用SPS-SPH方法和经典SPH方法对2D溃坝问题进行数值模拟并与实验数据进行了比较,结果表明,SPS-SPH方法的计算结果比经典SPH方法更加接近实验结果,该方法合理可靠,能够应用于数值模拟自由表面流动的相关问题。将SPS-SPH方法进一步运用于求解二维和三维典型自由表面流动问题,计算结果表明,SPS-SPH方法对于自由表面流动的数值模拟问题具有较高的精确度,对解决此类问题有较大的参考价值。     

Mobile phone use by young drivers: effects on traffic speed and headways

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of mobile phone use while driving on traffic speed and headways, with particular focus on young drivers. For this purpose, a field survey was carried out in real road traffic conditions, in which drivers' speeds and headways were measured while using or not using a mobile phone. The survey took place within a University Campus area, allowing to distinguish between settings approximating to either free flow or interrupted flow conditions. Linear and loglinear regression methods were used to investigate the effects of mobile phone use and several other young driver characteristics, such as gender, driving experience and annual distance travelled, on vehicle speeds and headways. Separate models were developed for average free flow, interrupted flow, as well as for total average speed. Results show that mobile phone use leads to a statistically significant reduction in traffic speeds of young drivers in all types of traffic conditions. Furthermore, male and female drivers reduce their speed similarly when using a mobile phone while driving. However, male drivers using their mobile phone drive at lower speeds than female drivers not using their mobile phones. Sensitivity analysis revealed that, among all explanatory variables, the effect of mobile phone use on speed was most important. Accordingly, vehicle headways appear to increase for drivers using their mobile phone. However, this effect could not be statistically validated, due to the strong correlation between speed and headway.