γ-Al2O3对介孔稀土复合氧化物催化特性的影响研究

利用γ-Al2O3替代了60%的Ce/Zr固溶基体,对介孔La/Ce/Zr复合氧化物进行改性.利用ICP分析仪、X射线衍射仪、SEM、比表面仪、激光粒度仪、热重分析仪等表征技术对制备得到的催化剂粉体进行表征.结果显示,活性Al2O3显著提高了催化剂粉体的比表面积,改善了高温下的表面烧结程度,增强了催化剂的热稳定性能并提高了其使用寿命,同时也增加了催化剂粉体的储氧能力和对NO的吸附能力,从而提高了催化活性,明显降低了PM的起燃温度和最高活性工作温度,提高了其对NOx的最大还原率.该研究结果对同时去除船舶柴油机排气污染物PM和NOx具有非常重要的工程应用价值.     

基于复合材料的水下耐压结构拓扑优化探究

探究基于复合材料的拓扑优化设计方法在水下耐压结构设计中的应用.本文方法是在等值线方法、SIMP(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)模型、灵敏度过滤技术的基础上,推导复合材料的等效刚度矩阵.通过经典桥形结构优化算例、静水压作用下的结构拓扑优化设计以及空心水下耐压结构优化设计,分析了在拓扑相关载荷作用下,复合材料对于水下耐压结构的最优拓扑形式的影响.发现复合材料与各向同性材料结构的优化结果比较相似,而复合材料的铺层方式及角度的变化可能对优化结果产生较大的影响,本文对空心耐压结构的优化结果与MIT团队提出的耐压壳概念相类似,说明复合材料的拓扑优化研究对于未来水下耐压结构的设计具有重要的参考价值及指导意义.     

公路工程材料价格波动的影响及处置对策研究

公路建设项目中,材料费用占到工程总造价的约70%.钢材、水泥、沥青、燃油等材料的价格受控于国际市场行情的变化,和国家政策的调整以及供需情况等因素的影响,建设单位和施工单位很难预测和把握。为有效应对材料价格波动对工程造价造成的影响,从公路工程建设现状入手,探索材料价格波动影响工程造价的原因及程度,提出通过建立价格调整机制、加强合同管理、拓宽公路材料采购方式等手段,实现工程造价过程控制、动态管理,有效解决材料价格大幅波动对工程建设造成的影响。     

旋压皮带轮芯模退料装置的改进

基于对旋压皮带轮旋压成型技术的研究,在退料力分析基础上,对退料装置的结构进行了改进,并采用了退料油缸,解决了旋压皮带轮退料难的问题,提高了该产品的加工质量和生产效率。     

CATIA环境下获取ERP系统中BOM数据

BOM数据对于CAD/CAPP与ERP系统的信息集成至关重要。为了获取产品BOM,本文在分析CATIA(Computer-graphics Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application)环境下获取BOM数据原理的基础上,给出了获取BOM的具体流程,最后以实例进行验证。这种方法方便、实时、快捷、准确。     

舰船声隐身技术和材料的发展现状与展望

声隐身是隐身舰船的一个重要研究方向。本文概述了舰船声隐身技术和材料的发展现状,重点从材料角度阐述了舰船声隐身的发展方向,同时介绍了几种在舰船声隐身工程中具有应用前景的新材料。     

低温下铁路钢轨断裂韧性分析

包括青藏铁路在内的北方大部分铁路钢轨在使用过程中常常经历比较低的温度环境,对于钢轨钢材的低温断裂性能有更严格的要求,有必要对钢轨钢材低温下断裂性能进行系统研究。通过对青藏铁路常用的钢轨钢材U71Mn和U75V三点弯曲试样断口的宏观形貌进行观察,并对所制备断口的微观形貌进行了电镜扫描分析,对这两类钢轨钢材在低温下的断裂特性进行了分析与讨论。最后,对这2种钢轨钢材断裂性能的研究方法以及化学成分的断裂性能的影响进行了进一步讨论,得出U71Mn较U75V更适合于在低温下作为钢轨钢材。     

预溃拉伸吸能结构的构建、分析与优化

本文中基于对拉伸吸能方案优越性的分析,创新性地提出了一种能有效提升碰撞吸能性能的预溃拉伸吸能结构。首先通过吸能盒的压缩试验和标准拉伸样件的拉伸试验,表明了拉伸吸能具有更高比吸能的优点。随后构建了一种利用吸能杆拉伸吸能的预溃拉伸结构,通过有限元碰撞仿真分析其碰撞形变和吸能特性,并对其板厚参数进行优化。结果表明:新型结构充分发挥了材料拉伸吸能原理的优势,其比吸能比传统结构高40%,碰撞安全性能明显提升。     

Experiments on the survival of six brackish macro-invertebrates from the Baltic Sea after dredged spoil coverage and its implications for the field

Physical disturbance by disposal of dredged materials in estuarine and coastal waters may result in burial of benthic fauna. Survival rates depend on a variety of factors including the type and amount of disposed materials and the lifestyle of the organisms. Laboratory burial experiments using six common macrobenthic invertebrates from a brackish habitat of the western Baltic Sea were performed to test the organisms' escape reaction to dredged material disposal. Experimental lab-results were then extrapolated to a field situation with corresponding bottom topography and covering layer thicknesses at experimental field disposal study sites. Resulted survival rates were then verified by comparison with results of an earlier field study at the same disposal sites.Our experimental design in the lab included the disposal of two types of dredged material (i.e. ‘till’ and ‘sand/till mixture’) and two covering layer depths (i.e. 10–20 cm and 14–40 cm). All three bivalves Arctica islandica (Linnaeus), Macoma balthica (Linnaeus), Mya arenaria (Linnaeus) and the polychaete Nephtys hombergii (Savigny) successfully burrowed to the surface of a 32–41 cm deposited sediment layer of till or sand/till mixture and restored contact with the overlying water. These high escape potentials could partly be explained by the heterogeneous texture of the till and sand/till mixture with ‘voids’. The polychaete Bylgides (Harmothoe) sarsi (Malmgren) successfully burrowed through a 16 cm covering layer whereas the polychaete Lagis koreni (Malmgren) showed almost no escaping reaction. No general differences in escape behaviour after burial were detected between our test species from the brackish habitat and those reported in the literature for the same species in marine environments. However, a size-dependence in mobility of motile polychaetes and M. arenaria was apparent within our study. In comparison to a thick coverage, thin covering layers (i.e. 15–16 cm and 20 cm) increased the chance of the organisms (N. hombergii and M. arenaria) to reach the sediment surface after burial. This was not observed for the other test species. While crawling upward to the new sediment surfaces burrowing velocities of up to 8 cm d^− 1 were observed for the bivalves and up to 20 cm d^− 1 for N. hombergii. Between 17 and 79% of the test organisms showed burrowing activity after experimental burial. The survival rate (defined as the ability to regained contact with the sediment surface) ranged from 0 to 33%, depending on species and on burial depth. The organisms reached the sediment surface by burrowing (polychaetes and bivalves) and/or by extending their siphons to the new sediment surface (bivalves). The extrapolation of laboratory survival rates to the two disposal sites was obtained based on the in situ thicknesses of the dredged spoil layers measured by multi-beam echo sounder. This resulted in total average survival rate estimates for the test species of 45 and 43% for the two disposal sites. The results obtained during the laboratory tests and the following extrapolation to the field were verified by the range of results from a previous field study, using grab sampling shortly before and after a disposal event in June 2001. The effect of dredged material disposal on the tested Baltic Sea benthic macrofauna was assessed by extrapolating the verified laboratory results to the field.     

焊接温度场中复合换热系数的分析

在焊接温度场的模拟中,换热系数与焊件的冷却过程密切相关.根据传热学的相似理论,计算随时间变化的对流和辐射系数,将其转换为复合换热系数,实时地加入到温度场的计算过程中去,模拟得到焊件在空气中自然冷却时的温度场.与采用恒定换热系数得到的结果比较,文中提出的确定和施加换热系数的方法更为合理.