湖南澧水武圣宫滩航道改道平面二维水流数学模型研究

湖南澧水武圣宫滩位于淞虎航线53 km航道内，是湖南省水路运输体系的重要一环，为提高其通航标准以及航运价值，对该处航道进行改道处理。着重分析河段的演变趋势和碍航特性，提出澧水武圣宫滩航道的改道方案。通过数值模拟试验，研究航道改道工程实施后，河段通航条件的变化情况，分析不同来流条件下及最低通航水位时的参数变化趋势，以及开挖航道的稳定性。数值模拟试验结果表明：方案实施后澧水武圣宫滩左汊开挖区水流条件及航道稳定性满足需要，河段航道改道在技术上可行，为类似险滩的治理提供可靠的理论依据。     

船闸平面形态突变对泄洪影响的数值模拟

岷江龙溪口航电枢纽工程中船闸与泄洪闸相邻布置，上闸首和闸室外墙结构断面不同导致船闸平面形态发生突变，泄洪时突扩区域将出现大范围回流、乱流等恶劣流态，影响枢纽泄洪。通过建立平面二维数学模型，计算闸室外墙前趾布置导墙前后的流场分布，结果显示：回流长度约为突扩宽度的2倍，按此范围布置导墙可基本消除回流，曲线形导墙能够使纵向流速等值线呈均匀递减分布，流态优化效果较好。     

Robust adaptive course-keeping control of under-actuated ships with the rudder failure北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对舵机故障、控制增益未知和海洋环境干扰情况下的欠驱动船舶航向保持问题,设计一种考虑舵机故障的船舶鲁棒自适应航向保持控制算法。[方法]通过结合鲁棒神经阻尼技术和自适应方法,对繁重的神经网络权值进行横向压缩,仅需设计2个自适应学习参数对未知增益和舵机故障参数在线补偿,以确保船舶在舵机故障的情况下能够有效执行航向保持任务。通过李雅普诺夫理论,证明所提出的控制器半全局最终一致稳定有界(semi-global uniform and ultimately bounded,SGUUB)。最后以“育鲲”轮为仿真对象,建立非线性Nomoto数学模型,在海洋干扰下进行对比仿真试验验证。[结果]结果表明,在此策略下,“育鲲”轮在舵机故障情况下平均舵角输出比仿真试验中所对比的传统方法降低了51%,可改善航向保持控制效果。[结论]研究结果可为欠驱动船舶的航向保持控制问题提供借鉴。     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics — Part 1: Ferry dataset

For the design of maritime structures in waves, the extreme values of responses such as motions and wave impact loads are required. Waves and wave-induced responses are stochastic, so such responses should always be related to a probability. This information is not easy to obtain for strongly non-linear responses such as wave impact forces. Usually class rules or direct assessment via experiments or numerical simulations are applied to obtain extreme values for design. This brings up questions related to the convergence of extreme values: how long do we need to test in order to obtain converged statistics for the target duration? Or, vice versa: given testing data, what is the uncertainty of the associated statistics? Often the test or simulation duration is cut up in ‘seeds’ or ‘realisations’, with an exposure duration of one or three hours based on the typical duration of a steady environmental condition at sea, or the time that a ship sails a single course. The required number of seeds for converged results depends on the type of structure and response, the exposure duration, and the desired probability level. The present study provides guidelines for the convergence of most probable maximum (MPM) wave crest heights and MPM green water wave impact forces on a ferry. Long duration experiments were done to gain insight into the required number of seeds, and the effect of fitting. The present paper presents part 1 of this study; part 2 [1] presents similar results for wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.