论企业核心竞争力的战略定位与战略模式

从企业现代竞争理论三个阶段的演变看,正是由于主流企业战略管理理论的不足才促使了企业核心竞争力理论的迅速兴起,核心竞争力的战略选择成为企业战略制定的关键问题。企业可以从经营业务战略、目标行业战略、市场竞争战略与资源组合战略四方面进行核心竞争力战略定位,确立以客户价值为中心的核心竞争力战略模式。     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域,利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验,提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式,分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明:横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比,与横流的大小及区域长度成正比,与船型大小(航道等级)成反比,同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关;在限制航路航行方式过程中,Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s-1时,可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s-1。     

Modeling Feedback Scheme of Empty Cars in Unloading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The transportation organization of heavy haul railway is complex in China, especially, the feedback of empty cars. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, and deep analysis of the characteristics of empty cars distribution of heavy haul railway, the authors construct the feedback schematic model of empty cars in unloading end of heavy haul railway. The minimum quantity of the combined trains and the time for combination is taken as the model goal and solution algorithm on the basis of minimum cost and maximum flow is formulated. Daqin railway is taken as an example and relevant conclusions of feedback scheme of empty cars of heavy haul railway, through an analysis of calculation results, are drawn.     

沥青路面PCI中车辙换算系数研究

通过对国内外车辙换算系数取值方法的研究,结合实体工程的实测数据与实际路况的对比,对现有车辙换算系数的优缺点进行了分析,提出了车辙换算系数的连续式计算公式。研究表明:根据现有车辙换算系数计算方法计算得到PCI指标值,与实际路况多数存在较大的偏差;而采用研究提出的车辙换算系数计算公式得到的PCI指标值,与实际路况有较好的一致性。     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

天然气发动机冷却系统校核

商要:发动机冷却系统的作用是使发动机的温度在所有工况下均保持在适当的范围内。冷却系统不仅要防止发动机过热,也要防止发动机过冷。本文主要是对某重卡车型的发动机冷却系统进行了校核计算,为整个车型的匹配计算提供数据支持。     

现有世界文化遗产桥梁的核心价值及中国古桥申遗的思考

中国古代桥梁具有极高的技术成就,然而迄今为止,我国尚没有古桥被列入世界文化遗产,因此开展中国古桥申报世界文化遗产的研究非常必要。为了加快我国古桥申遗的进程、促进我国古桥的保护与传承,从世界遗产的相关定义与要求出发,介绍被列入世界文化遗产桥梁的特点,对我国古代桥梁的价值与技术成就进行讨论。根据世界文化遗产入选的条件,我国的古代石拱桥和木拱桥最具有申遗实力。依据桥梁作为功能性结构、技术复杂结构的特点,在此基础上提出中国古代桥梁申报世界文化遗产应聚集核心技术内容的研究,突出其核心价值和技术成就。     

基于Shapley值法的港口冷链物流投资分析方法

从客户的角度出发,旨在建立一套与投资额度、客户满意程度相关联的港口冷链物流投资分析方法,为决策者在财务分析之外提供另一个分析视角。将港口冷链物流划分为冷藏存储、冷藏加工、冷藏运输、客户服务4个环节。首先利用层次分析法确定各个环节在整条供应链的权重,然后引入效用理论确定各个环节投资产生的效用,通过Shapley值法实现了各个环节在整条供应链权重和各个环节投资效用的有机结合,使得发展瓶颈随投资的变动而改变,从而更加符合实际情况。通过实例分析,此方法能够充分考虑投资效用的影响,也能够减少专家打分等定性方法产生的主观偏差。     

含湿量和纤维对隧道二衬混凝土高温性能的影响

通过模拟火灾现场材料表面实际升温曲线,分析了不同纤维混凝土的临界含湿量以及不同含湿量下混凝土的质量损失,同时采用大板混凝土进行火灾试验.研究发现:含湿量的高低较大程度上影响着试件受火后表面爆裂程度、裂缝数量、渗水时间以及质量损失;防火纤维混凝土爆裂的临界含湿量高于其他3种混凝土(普通混凝土、聚乙烯纤维混凝土、聚丙烯纤维混凝土),抗爆裂性能最好;相同含湿量下,通过观察受火面剥落、烧酥程度,再一次验证了防火纤维抗爆裂效果较好.通过测试不同混凝土板侧面温度场以及区域回弹值发现,由于混凝土板侧面温度值分布不同,进而造成混凝土材料回弹值的损失也不一样,材料力学性能的损失与温度场有着直接的关系.