Robust traffic assignment model: Formulation,solution algorithms and empirical application

ABSTRACT

The deterministic traffic assignment problem based on Wardrop's first criterion of traffic network utilization has been widely studied in the literature. However, the assumption of deterministic travel times in these models is restrictive, given the large degree of uncertainty prevalent in urban transportation networks. In this context, this paper proposes a robust traffic assignment model that generalizes Wardrop's principle of traffic network equilibrium to networks with stochastic and correlated link travel times and incorporates the aversion of commuters to unreliable routes.

The user response to travel time uncertainty is modeled using the robust cost (RC) measure (defined as a weighted combination of the mean and standard deviation of path travel time) and the corresponding robust user equilibrium (UE) conditions are defined. The robust traffic assignment problem (RTAP) is subsequently formulated as a Variational Inequality problem. To solve the RTAP, a Gradient Projection algorithm is proposed, which involves solving a series of minimum RC path sub-problems that are theoretically and practically harder than deterministic shortest path problems. In addition, an origin-based heuristic is proposed to enhance computational performance on large networks. Numerical experiments examine the computational performance and convergence characteristics of the exact algorithm and establish the accuracy and efficiency of the origin-based heuristic on various real-world networks. Finally, the proposed RTA model is applied to the Chennai road network using empirical data, and its benefits as a normative benchmark are quantified through comparisons against the standard UE and System Optimum (SO) models.     

信息影响条件下考虑出行异质性的路径选择模型

出行者路径选择行为的研究对于预测城市交通流时空分布规律及维持网络经济、高效运转具有重要意义.为了探究多类型异质出行者路径选择行为的异同,研究了基于累积前景理论的多类别异质出行者路径选择模型.通过定义出行者参考点,引入考虑时间价值系数的风险敏感系数计算方法,以保证异质出行者拥有异质的风险偏好,研究分析了是否提供实时路况信息2种情境下常规通行者与通勤者路径选择行为的异同.数值算例表明,拥有较大参考点的出行者更倾向于保守地选择一条出行时间较长的道路,而其他人则更加冒险.此外,与通勤者相比,当备选方案均可以满足自身出行需求且自身参考点足够大时,常规出行者更愿意忽视风险,以获得更高的出行收益.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

隧道路面表面抗滑性能的调查与分析

采用手工铺砂法和摆式仪对贵州、云南等省的隧道路面抗滑性能进行了现场实测，调查的结果表明，隧道水泥混凝土路面的抗滑耐久性较差，使隧道交通存在着一定的安全隐患。分析了隧道内部特有环境对隧道路面抗滑性能的影响，并针对隧道路面类型的选择，提出了恢复隧道路面抗滑力的措施。     

浅谈异型拱桥桥型设计

通过一个桥型方案设计实例 ,简要介绍异型拱桥的特点     

考虑层间黏聚力的水平层状围岩隧道顶板力学模型计算

水平层状岩体力学性质不仅受岩层组合和结构面控制,而且与层间黏聚力密切相关。水平层状围岩隧道在施工过程中对层间黏聚力考虑不当时,极易造成设计支护参数不合理,导致拱部掉块落石、离层、弯折,甚至局部坍塌、超欠挖等工程问题,严重影响工程安全、施工质量和建设进度。目前水平层状围岩隧道顶板一般简化为锚固梁和简支梁模型,但未考虑层间黏聚力。根据水平层状围岩隧道开挖的不同阶段,将隧道顶板分别简化为开挖初始阶段的锚固梁模型和施工扰动后的简支梁模型,并利用顶板梁体模型的协调变形条件,得出梁模型的层间黏聚力计算公式。以大梁峁隧道为工程依托,分别应用考虑层间黏聚力和不考虑层间黏聚力的梁模型进行隧道临界开挖跨度计算。结果表明：考虑层间黏聚力和不考虑层间黏聚力对水平层状围岩隧道临界开挖跨度影响较大。考虑层间黏聚力时,锚固梁模型临界开挖跨度为3.36~4.75 m,简支梁模型临界开挖跨度为2.74~3.88 m;不考虑层间黏聚力时,锚固梁模型临界开挖跨度为0.14~0.30 m,简支梁模型临界开挖跨度为0.12~0.24 m。结合大梁峁隧道工程现场,隧道开挖跨度3~6 m时,拱顶会出现平顶现象,产生离层和掉块,因此考虑层间黏聚力的水平层状围岩隧道顶板力学模型更符合工程实际情况。     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域, 利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验, 提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式, 分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明: 横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比, 与横流的大小及区域长度成正比, 与船型大小(航道等级)成反比, 同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关; 在限制航路航行方式过程中, Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s^-1时, 可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s^-1。     

基于SVD的柴油机振动信号盲分离预处理

在利用独立分量分析对缸盖振动信号进行盲分离时,原始采样信号不满足独立分量分析的基本假设,而且缸盖振动信号信噪比较低,影响分离的速度和精度.采用小波阈值降噪的方法进行了降噪处理,提高了信噪比.采用奇异值分解的方法估计了缸盖振动的独立源数,并对缸盖振动信号进行了白化处理,为独立分量分析的应用建立了基础.     

密级配沥青混合料AC-10C的适宜压实厚度试验研究

通过对铺筑厚度为20mm～60mm的密级配沥青混合料AC—10C常用施工工艺的分析,建立现场取芯试件空隙率和路面厚度的关系,并得出空隙率随厚度而变化的规律,对修订我国施工规范推荐的压实适宜厚度提出了试验依据。