直线电机轨道交通地面电阻制动的研究

对采用地面电阻制动的城市轨道直流牵引供电系统模型进行介绍,利用Matlab软件对该系统建立了供电网络结构图,利用节点电压法构造矩阵方程,并对此引入的非线性方程组用牛顿迭代法求解.基于地面电阻制动仿真系统(GRBSS),得出电压、电流等结果,对地面制动电阻的容量计算方法和位置设置原则进行探讨.     

城市轨道交通乘客满意度评价体系的构建

对城市轨道交通如何建立乘客满意度测评指标体系进行研究,在把握整体的基础上,分析运营部门如何对服务水平的关键点进行控制与管理,为管理者建立符合自身实际情况的乘客满意度评价体系提供参考依据.     

直线电机轮轨交通系统牵引坡度及启/制动距离计算研究

直线电机轮轨交通是一种采用直线感应电机LIM牵引的新型城市轨道交通形式.在分析直线电机轮轨系统列车牵引和制动特性的基础上,从列车受力分析的角度,建立直线电机线路参数分析的模型;利用该模型,计算得到直线电机轮轨线路的安全牵引坡度及启/制动距离.     

简析地铁安全门驱动控制器的控制构架

针对地铁安全门驱动控制器,提出了一种电机控制软件构架。该构架以嵌入式操作系统为基础调度各控制任务,将控制任务分为高优先级任务和低优先级任务。在该控制构架基础上,完成了地铁安全门驱动控制器的软件系统,并在样机上进行了应用测试。试验表明,该电机控制软件构架运行稳定,能有序地调度各控制任务,并具有良好的复用性和扩展性。以该构架为基础开发的驱动控制系统控制精度高,动态响应好,能够满足现场应用的需求。     

Expertise in decision-making for large infrastructure projects: from UK trunk roads to High Speed Rail 2

At the decision-making stage, a large-scale infrastructure project is essentially a broad concept, and this means the expert analyses will differ from each other and become contested over time, leading to the emergence of rival narratives. It is only where there is a limited range of expert analyses that the bases for decision-making will remain relatively clear-cut. Over time the contested nature of expertise can significantly inhibit the construction of effective narratives, either for or against the project, and also make decision-making more complex and problematic. Decision makers may also seek greater clarification through the construction of narratives that rise above these disputed areas of expertise, and the scientific evidence becomes less important. This paper examines the changing nature of contested expertise through a comparative analysis of political decision-making between UK trunk roads policy and the case of High Speed Rail 2, through the framework of epistemic communities.     

Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

复杂环境下基坑上跨运营地铁隧道的保护方案研究

为解决复杂环境下基坑开挖时下方地铁隧道正常运营的难题,依托郑州某市政管廊上跨地铁区间隧道项目,采用三维数值模拟计算及施工监测数据分析的方法。得出如下结论： 1）通过选取合理的基坑围护方案,可减小基坑围护结构施工对地铁区间隧道的扰动影响; 2）对于工程地质情况较好的地区通过细化上跨基坑开挖方式,采用基底加固+抽条施工的方案可保证地铁区间隧道的正常运营。     

固结黏土地层盾构直接破除排水板关键技术研究

宁波地铁5号线1期下穿高速公路路基时存在68°斜交长40 m的含塑料排水板的固结黏土地层,为研究盾构直接通过可行性、刀具选型、施工参数优化等问题,利用TBM掘进模态综合试验平台,进行了不同类型刀具、不同掘进参数的固结黏土地层排水板破除试验。研究表明： 对于含排水板的固结黏土地层,在合理选择刀具、盾构参数并优化掘进参数情况下,盾构法施工直接破除基本可行,试验为宁波地铁工程建设提供了依据,也可为类似工程设计及施工提供参考。