带形城市轨道交通TOD模式研究

带形城市由于其特殊的自然地理环境,城市空间布局及发展受限,城市用地与交通之间的矛盾尖锐,市区交通拥堵问题严重,成为城市发展的瓶颈。为解决当前带形城市交通发展难题,应当在带形城市规划建设中引入以城市轨道交通引导的TOD发展模式,制定城市发展主轴,以城轨站点为中心开发周边土地,建设良好市区环境,有效拓展城市规模。城轨交通TOD模式能以自身优势破除城市交通发展难题,改善城市结构布局,为调整市区土地结构提供机遇,是带形城市轨道交通可持续发展的有效途径。以兰州市轨道交通2号线为例,结合TOD理论,提出规划意见和建议。     

地铁车辆部件隔声性能指标研究

地铁车辆部件作为重要噪声传递路径,其隔声性能对车内噪声有重要影响。文章以我国某型地铁车辆部件为研究对象,通过建立车内噪声预测分析模型,研究了车辆部件的隔声性能指标。结果表明,改变车门、车窗和风挡的隔声量,对车内噪声的抑制效果最显著。     

Estimating the influence of common disruptions on urban rail transit networks

With the continuous expansion of urban rapid transit networks, disruptive incidents—such as station closures, train delays, and mechanical problems—have become more common, causing such problems as threats to passenger safety, delays in service, and so on. More importantly, these disruptions often have ripple effects that spread to other stations and lines. In order to provide better management and plan for emergencies, it has become important to identify such disruptions and evaluate their influence on travel times and delays. This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve these goals. It employs the tap-in and tap-out data on the distribution of passengers from smart cards collected by automated fare collection (AFC) facilities as well as past disruptions within networks. Three characteristic types of abnormal passenger flow are divided and analyzed, comprising (1) “missed” passengers who have left the system, (2) passengers who took detours, and (3) passengers who were delayed but continued their journeys. In addition, the suggested computing method, serving to estimate total delay times, was used to manage these disruptions. Finally, a real-world case study based on the Beijing metro network with the real tap-in and tap-out passenger data is presented.     

桩基后压浆技术在地铁盖挖车站中的应用

结合无锡地铁大型盖挖车站工程,采用自平衡静载荷试验,对软黏土地基中大直径钻孔灌注桩桩端压浆前后承载力性能进行对比测试研究。结果表明:在硬塑黏土层桩端压浆效果明显,压浆后桩极限承载力增强比例达9.9%~54.6%,桩端阻力增强达30%以上。对压浆后桩承载力实测增值与现行规范理论计算增值比较,结果表明:实测结果能较好地符合规范,可为同类地区地铁桩基后压浆施工提供借鉴。     

城市轨道交通科研项目评价方法研究

为提高城市轨道交通建设水平,开展了大量科技攻关项目研究并投入大量资金,如何评定研究成果优劣,对轨道交通科研项目的评价就显得越来越重要。提出以结果为导向进行绩效管理的评价方法,并运用3E理论和层次分析法构建以定量评价为主的评价体系框架,为未来轨道交通科研项目管理制度的改革提供理论基础。     

城市轨道交通隧道双护盾TBM过站施工技术

为解决双护盾TBM 在城市轨道交通隧道施工中频繁过站的问题，以青岛地铁2号线双护盾TBM施工为背景，根据TBM所经车站的具体情况，结合车站施工条件及TBM过站影响，研究并实施了空推和平移2种双护盾TBM过站方式，制订了合理可行的TBM过站方案和关键措施，解决了双护盾TBM 过站多次拆解、组装、调试以及对车站影响的技术难题，为青岛地铁1号线、4号线、8号线采用双护盾TBM施工提供了参考和借鉴。     

直线电机地铁车辆如何降低制动磨耗

由于直线电机车辆的固有特性及某轨道交通线路的运营特点,实施电制动时,导致空气制动被迫频繁补充,造成制动磨耗件消耗较快。介绍了改造前、后制动闸片、制动盘及制动施加情况,并进行了经济分析。通过改善空气制动施加逻辑及更换新型号的闸片,制动磨耗量明显降低,可大幅降低运营成本。     

基于AutoCAD_VBA的无缝线路一体化设计系统开发

该系统利用Auto CAD VBA API成熟的内部封装机制,将大量查表计算工作和参数运算整合到程序模块内,将多个分步计算公式在程序内部进行推导合并,并利用可视化编程工具形成用户界面。使用户输入最少的参数完成整部计算,加快计算速度,减少错误。该系统还包含绘图模块,运行VBA宏指挥CAD自动绘制无缝线路单元轨节布置图。经过多个无缝线路设计项目验证,结果证明该系统准确可靠。     

铁路500m长钢轨生产工艺流程及规模的探讨

针对目前铁路焊轨基地的实际,对长钢轨焊接工艺进行说明,通过工艺流程示意图,详细介绍铁路500 m长钢轨生产的工艺流程。原料为100、25 m钢轨时,分别计算日生产长钢轨能力,从而确定年生产规模。根据生产能力和实际调研,确定原料轨存轨台、长钢轨时效台、长钢轨成品台、工位规模及辊道线间距,为将来新建或改建长钢轨焊接基地提供数据参考。     

Development and validation of a direct mode choice model

A direct discrete mode choice model is introduced using relative attributes of competing modes as well as socioeconomic characteristics of travelers. The model is calibrated and validated for two available historic databases in the Dallas–Fort Worth region. The validation is conducted against the outputs of a current nested logit model used by the regional planning organization as well as the observed values based on transit ridership surveys for a newly inaugurated commuter rail service. The calibrated model is applied after the introduction of this new transit mode. The results show that the estimated mode shares by the proposed model have a statistically better consistency with the observed values than the estimates of the conventional nested logit model. Unlike the logit model, the structure of the direct model based on relative attributes also has the advantage of not needing recalibration each time a new travel mode is introduced. The model is found to be easier to calibrate and produces more accurate results than the nested logit model, commonly used by many metropolitan planning organizations.