地铁牵引变电站整流器的热设计

以某地铁牵引变电站整流器为例，对三种负载下运行的硅整流管和散热器的工况进行了计算分析；阐述了对自冷方式工作的整流器的进行热设计时，应重视辐射换热的作用；指出在自然冷却条件下，辐射换热和自然对流换热的数量是相同的，论证了散热器的容量对缓和硅整管结温升高的作用。     

盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进应用土体改良的技术

在成都砂卵石地层中进行盾构施工,由于砂卵石中卵石的强度很高,对盾构机刀盘、刀具的磨损相当大;同时由于砂卵石地层土质级配的不均匀,刀盘及土舱内结泥饼,螺旋机进土口的大颗粒卵石的骨架(骨架拱)效应,直接影响到土压平衡的有效建立,以致盾构在掘进过程中超挖,严重影响隧道沿线周边环境及施工进度。该文重点介绍了成都地铁1号线盾构1标区间隧道施工过程中采用的土体改良技术措施,从而消除了由于砂卵石地层的特殊性质造成的不利因素,保证了工程的顺利进行及周边环境的安全。     

Dynamic Train-Track Interaction: Variability Attributable to Scatter in the Track Properties

A numerical method to simulate vertical dynamic interaction between a rolling train and a railway track has been used to investigate the influence of stochastic properties of the track structure. A perturbation technique has been used to investigate the influence of the scatter in selected track properties. The train-track interaction problem has been numerically solved by use of an extended state-space vector approach in conjunction with a complex modal superposition for the whole track structure. All numerical simulations have been carried out in the time-domain with a moving mass model. Properties such as rail pad stiffness, ballast stiffness, dynamic ballast-subgrade mass and sleeper spacing have been studied. To obtain sufficient statistical information from track structures, full-scale measurements in the field and laboratory measurements have been carried out. The influence of scatter in the track properties on the maximum contact force between the rail and the wheel, the maximum magnitude of the vertical wheelset acceleration, and the maximum sleeper displacement have been studied. Mean values and standard deviations of these quantities have been calculated. The effects of the variation of the investigated track properties are discussed.     

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train–track interaction and inelastic deformations

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle–track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel–rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang–Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

公轨两用桥钢混结合段的疲劳荷载参数研究

介绍菜园坝大桥钢混结合段轨道交通疲劳荷载参数确定方法。该方法基于轻轨车辆相遇符合正态分布的假设,采用雨流计数法统计出轨道交通造成钢混接头结构的疲劳内力幅值,然后按照Miner线性累积损伤准则等效成便于试验研究的等幅疲劳荷载。该方法可为同类桥梁设计和研究提供参考。     

喷孔布置对缸内油气混合与燃烧过程的影响

基于YD4A75—C3电控共轨柴油机,结合Bosch公司提出的第四代共轴向可变喷嘴共轨喷射系统的概念,应用商用CFD软件Fire研究喷孔交错布置及两层布置对缸内燃油分布及燃烧过程的影响。研究结果表明:适当地采用双层、交错排列的喷孔,可以扩大燃油的空间分布范围,改善燃油与空气的混合质量,使缸内燃烧更加充分;NO排放量增多,但炭烟的排放量显著减少。     

地铁站水冷空调机组IPLV计算方法讨论

大量测试数据表明,在现行地铁环控系统中,冷机大部分时间处于部分负荷状态,因此用于评判地铁站冷水机组部分负荷综合性能的IPLV值的计算方法值得研究.使用了一种逐时计算地铁车站负荷的方法,计算得出北京市、上海市、广州市典型地铁标准站全年的逐时负荷曲线.根据全年逐时负荷曲线统计了3个城市地铁车站不同负荷率区间占比情况,从而得...     

基于GOOSE通信的地铁多变流器智能优化控制方法研究

当前地铁线路各牵引所变流器独立运行,无法实现实时信息交互、精准调整和协调控制.为解决这一问题,提出基于GOOSE通信的地铁多变流器智能优化控制方法.基于GOOSE通信网络搭建多变流器分层控制结构,以系统网损最小和钢轨电位幅值最小为目标,提出基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的多变流器双目标优化控制算法.搭建地铁牵引供电系统动态潮流仿...