考虑土拱效应的边坡桩间土钉墙受力计算

边坡抗滑桩桩间土拱效应对桩间土钉墙各部分的受力及土钉的设计长度有重要影响,然而现阶段多依个人或者设计单位经验对桩间土钉墙各部分的受力进行计算,对土钉长度进行设计,以上传统的受力计算及土钉设计方法均未充分考虑土拱的影响,使得土拱在工程运用中受到了限制。为了推广土拱在工程中的运用,首先描述土拱形状,继而深入研究土拱对桩间土钉墙各部分受力的影响,提出了基于土拱效应桩间土钉墙受力计算方法和土钉长度设计方法,此受力计算方法认为：土钉墙的受力取拱前土体主动土压力或剩余下滑力两者中的较大者,抗滑桩的受力为拱后土体剩余下滑力与土钉墙受力之和,土钉长度设计中土钉自由段和锚固段的分界线为土拱迹线。继而结合巴（中）达（州）铁路堑坡,通过数值模拟描述土拱形状,计算土拱影响下不同截面处抗滑桩和土钉墙的受力,并结合土拱形状对土钉长度进行设计,与不考虑土拱效应时受力计算结果和土钉长度设计结果进行对比。研究结果表明：考虑土拱效应较不考虑土拱效应时,抗滑桩纵断面受力明显增大,增幅大于11%,土钉墙纵断面受力明显减小,减幅大于12%,土钉用量节省接近13%,充分说明考虑土拱效应确实对抗滑桩受力、土钉墙受力和土钉设计长度造成较大影响。     

LKJ基础数据中信号机公里标与距离不一致问题分析

列车运行监控装置(LKJ)基础数据中,信号机公里标与信号机间距离是控制列车安全运行的基础,当提报的LKJ基础数据中信号机公里标与距离不一致时,会出现LKJ临时限速控制异常的情况。本文针对此类情况进行原因分析,并提出解决方法。     

分幅距离对青藏高速公路分离式路基动力响应的影响

为研究地震波作用下分离式路基的动力响应特性,结合现场钻孔资料,以标准断面的分离式路基为研究对象,采用二维非线性动力有限元非关联流动法,建立2幅坡脚距离分别为5,10,15和20 m的路基模型。通过施加50 a超越概率2%,10%和63%的地震波,得到分幅距离变化对路基地震动力响应的影响效应。研究结果表明:路基表面的Mises应力值大小受坡脚距离变化影响较大,对天然地表与坡脚影响微小,而对剪应力S12值大小的影响规律与此相反;随着坡脚距离的增加,路基表面与天然地表的水平峰值位移呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,在10 m坡脚距离的参考点水平峰值位移出现极大值。研究结果为青藏工程走廊内的路基选型布线与抗震设计提供一定参考。     

基于网络通信的地铁线路相邻联锁站间闭塞技术研究

为保障地铁线路相邻站间的行车安全,文章提出一种基于网络通信的站间闭塞方式。分析了线路相邻联锁站相互发送的信息和闭塞原理,提出通过设置时间戳、序列号、校验码等安全技术实现闭塞故障导向安全的解决方案,设计了冗余网络以增加系统可靠性,并通过延时解决了非预期进路不解锁故障。通过在长沙地铁4号线信号系统的实际应用表明,不同运营场景下该网络闭塞技术实用、有效。     

高速列车隧道内等速交会对车辆动力学性能的影响

基于风压载荷空气动力学控制方程,利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,分析高速列车在不同线间距隧道内,以不同速度级等速交会时的车体表面风压和受到的气动力;将隧道内交会时受到的气动力以时程荷载的形式施加到车辆动力学模型中,分析其对各项车辆动力学性能的影响规律,并进行安全性和平稳性指标分析。结果表明:列车在隧道内等速交会时,头车所受的气动阻力、升力、横向力最大;高速列车表面所受的风压极值与速度的2.2~2.3次方成正比,所受的气动阻力、升力、横向力与速度的1.8~2.4次方成正比;隧道内高速交会对车辆安全性指标影响不大,仅在交会瞬间产生较大的车体横向振动,当运行速度达到400km·h^-1时各项安全性、舒适性指标均满足限值要求。     

Chloride diffusion models for Type I and fly ash cement concrete exposed to field and laboratory conditions

The exposure temperature significantly affects the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, and, as such, it must be taken into consideration in the development of service-life prediction models for structures exposed to chloride-bearing environments. Most of the earlier studies have used cement paste to assess the effect of exposure temperature on chloride diffusion. In the reported study, chloride diffusion in Type I and fly ash (20% fly ash) cement concrete was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. The laboratory concrete specimens were exposed to chloride solution maintained at four temperatures (22, 35, 50 and 60 °C) for 365 days. Beam specimens were exposed in the tidal zone of a marine exposure site, along the Arabian Gulf coast, for up to 10 years to study the chloride diffusion in the field specimens. The coefficient of chloride diffusion (D_a) in the concrete specimens exposed to 22 or 35 ᵒC in the laboratory was less than that in the concrete specimens exposed to 50 and 60 ᵒC. The D_a for Type I cement concrete specimens increased by 3.6 times as the temperature was increased from 22 to 60 ᵒC while this increase was 2.3 times for the fly ash cement concrete specimens for a similar increase in the temperature. The D_a decreased with the period of exposure in the field specimens. The values of activation energy that can be used for predicting the chloride diffusion for exposure temperature within the range of 22–60 °C were developed based on the laboratory data. In addition, mathematical models were developed relating the coefficient of chloride diffusion in the field and laboratory concrete specimens. The developed models can be utilized to ascertain chloride diffusion in field specimens, utilizing the laboratory values, and hence calculate the useful service-life of structures.     

Research on minimum headway between EMU and common passenger train on passenger dedicated lineEI北大核心

Research purposes: The minimum headway of trains is an important technical standard in the railway survey and design. The common passenger train running on passenger dedicated line (PDL) has big influence on the headway between trains. This paper mainly analyzes the type of coach, passenger train composition and train operation control system, and presents the calculation method and model for the headway between the EMU and common passenger train for providing the reference to the survey and design of passenger dedicated line. Research conclusions: Based on the technologies of the train control system level 2 (CTCS-2), the train running monitor and record device (LKJ) and the ground signals, the analyses and calculations were made for the minimum headways between trains into the Yuncheng North Station of Datong-Xi'an PDL by using the calculation model. The calculations show the 3 minutes headway of the arrival-running through, the 3 minutes headway of the arrival-arrival and the 3 minutes headway of the running through-departure between the common passenger train and the EMU can be realized. And the 5 minutes headway of the departure-departure between the EMU and the common passenger train can be realized.     

青岛清江路站隧道施工开挖方法的数值模拟与分析

依托于青岛地铁清江路站的实际工程,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,针对所选地铁站的地质及结构特点,建立浅埋暗挖大跨地铁车站动态开挖的力学模型,数值分析表明模拟隧道施工开挖与支护过程应符合现场实际工况、应反映现场预留的毛洞长度。对今后用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟隧道动态开挖时准确反映施工力学行为具有指导和借鉴意义。     

山区河道型水库滑坡涌浪的计算研究

在弄清水库滑坡发生的成因及涌浪大小影响因素的基础上,根据固流能量交换原理,选择典型山区河道型水库--三峡水库为依托进行水槽概化模型试验,采用多元线性回归方法,得到滑坡坡度、固流有效接触面积、富裕水深3因素与相对初始涌浪高之间的关系以及沿程分别距滑坡入水点2,4 m远涌浪高与初始涌浪的关系,将拟合的经验公式计算值与试验所...     

葡萄牙人东来初期的海上交通与瓷器贸易

1511年,葡萄牙人占领马六甲,并以此为据点,渗透入东南亚的传统贸易网络,同时积极寻求与中国商人的贸易机会。由于早期中葡官方往来的交恶,活跃于中国东南沿海的葡萄牙商人逐渐参与到本地贸易网络的走私活动中,航行于广东及浙江的诸多离岛,与往来此地的中国私商进行贸易。关于这一时期葡萄牙商人在东南沿海的航行及贸易细节,文献档案的记载较为有限,而在作为出口商品的外销瓷器上却有迹可寻。因此,本文将主要考察收藏于东南亚、中东及欧洲等地的早期中葡贸易瓷器,结合文献记载,探讨此时期中葡瓷器贸易的规模、路线及交易模式等问题,以推进我们对葡萄牙人东来早期海上活动的认识。