高速公路事件管理中主要部门影响权重研究

为了研究高速公路事件管理中主要部门的权重影响,从部门在事件管理活动中的主要职能入手,分析事件管理部门能力对于模糊评价指标系的关系。在建立了部门能力与指标系中标准层的对应关系后,用G1序关系法获得主观权重,结合事件管理不同部门操作数量的差别引入了客观权重并用基于离差最小化的方法求得组合权重。利用标准层对应于子目标、总目标的关系,求得事件管理主要部门能力对于子目标、总目标的权重。将该方法运用于某高速公路上,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Robust Wardrop’s user equilibrium assignment under stochastic demand and supply: Expected residual minimization approach

Various models of traffic assignment under stochastic environment have been proposed recently, mainly by assuming different travelers’ behavior against uncertainties. This paper focuses on the expected residual minimization (ERM) model to provide a robust traffic assignment with an emphasis on the planner’s perspective. The model is further extended to obtain a stochastic prediction of the traffic volumes by the technique of path choice approach. We show theoretically the existence and the robustness of the ERM solution. In addition, we employ an improved solution algorithm for solving the ERM model. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the characteristics of the proposed model, by comparing with other existing models.     

综合客运枢纽站场选址方法

综合客运枢纽站场选址是一个复杂的决策过程。提出了定性决策备选、定量选取最优的＂两步式＂综合客运枢纽站场选址概念框架,探讨了站场选址规划需要考虑的主要因素,分析了各类客流的出行换乘时间,提出了以时间和投资费用最小为目标的站址优化模型。     

Book reviews

THE SEVENTH AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH FORUM, by K. W. Ogden.

AIRLINE PLANNING: CORPORATE, FINANCIAL AND MARKETING by Nawal K. Taneja. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1982. 207 pp. (£19.50)

SOLVING LOCAL GOVERNMENT PROBLEMS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN CITIES AND REGIONS, by Charles E. Pinkus and Anne Dixson. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1981. (Hardback £20.00; paperback £8.95)

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, edited by N. K. Jaismal. Published by North‐Holland Publishing Company (U.S. $58.50)

TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (Second Edition), edited by W. S. Homburger, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982. Prentice Hall, pp. 883.

ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT, by C. A. Nash. Longman, London, pp. 194. (£6.95).     

Investigating heterogeneity in social influence by social distance in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty: A regret-minimizing hybrid choice model framework based on sequential stated adaptation experiments

The present study is designed to investigate social influence in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty. Social influence indicates that individuals’ decisions are influenced by the choices made by members of their social networks. An individual may experience different degrees of influence depending on social distance, i.e. the strength of the social relationship between individuals. Such heterogeneity in social influence has been largely ignored in the previous travel behavior research. The data used in this study stems from an egocentric social network survey, which measures the strength of the social relationships of each respondent. In addition, a sequential stated adaptation experiment was developed to capture more explicitly the effect of social network choices on the individual decision-making process. Social distance is regarded as a random latent variable. The estimated social distance and social network choices are incorporated into a social influence variable, which is treated as an explanatory variable in the car-sharing decision model. To simultaneously estimate latent social distance and the effects of social influence on the car-sharing decision, we expand the hybrid choice framework to incorporate the latent social distance model into discrete choice analysis. The estimation results show substantial social influence in car-sharing decisions. The magnitude of social influence varies according to the type of relationship, similarity of socio-demographics and the number of social interactions.     

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吸取社会力模型中行人运动受到社会力支配的思想,综合考虑行人之间的相互影响,建立了面向大型铁路客运枢纽环境的乘客行为仿真模型.针对人群集散时行人之间的差异性,依据目标驱动力及行人与行人或障碍物之间的心理排斥力、挤压力、摩擦力,动态改变行人的运动方向和速度.引入行人防止穿透决策规则,消除行人重叠现象.采取目标点局部极小化原则,设置辅助目标点,解决行人与环境之间动态避碰和绕行问题.以北京南站高架层为仿真对象,针对不同客流到达率对行人集散的影响进行计算机仿真并加以分析,从而对模型进行校核检验,表明该模型具有合理性和有效性.     

基于持续时间模型的日出行时间分析

交通需求管理和控制与时间因素密切相关,对出行时耗的研究是出行行为分析的重要内容. 本文提出了用于出行时间分析的持续时间模型,讨论了通勤者日出行时间投入随出行者及其家庭社会经济属性、活动和出行特征变化的连续分布规律. 模型用已投入出行时间约束下出行结束的条件概率更准确地描述了出行的动态过程,从对活动与出行之间派生和竞争关系的分析,部分地反映了通勤者的时间分配行为. 分析表明,出行时间最小化的行为假设对大多数通勤者成立. 本研究为出行时耗的定量研究提供了更准确有效的分析工具,对于准确把握通勤者时间分配行为有重要意义.     

基于Fisher距离的新型脑机接口分类器

提出基于Fisher距离测度的线性分类器符合统计学习理论框架的观点,结合主分量分析和遗传算法提出一种基于结构风险最小化（Structural Risk Minimization,简称SRM）归纳原则的分类器设计方法．通过对比遗传算法和穷举法的运算量,阐明所提出的特征提取方法在采用Fisher线性分类器分类时的优势．最后采用所提出的基于SRM归纳原则的方法对一组人脑慢皮层电位数据进行了分类仿真实验,并将结果与该组数据竞赛优胜者的结果进行了对比,性能得到了明显提高．     

Hierarchical control strategies for energy management of connected hybrid electric vehicles in urban roads

This paper presents a fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in urban road conditions. A hierarchical control architecture is proposed in this paper for every HEV, where the higher level and the lower level controller share information with each other and solve two different problems that aim at improving its fuel efficiency. The higher level controller of each HEV is considered to utilize traffic light information, through vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, and state information of the vehicles in its near neighborhood, via vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. Apart from that, the higher level controller of each HEV uses the recuperation information from the lower level controller and provides it the optimal velocity profile by solving its problem in a model predictive control framework. Each lower level controller uses adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for following their velocity profiles, obtained from the higher level controller, in a fuel efficient manner. In this paper, the vehicles are modeled in Autonomie software and the simulation results are provided in the paper that shows the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture.     

The critical hitch angle for jackknife avoidance during slow backing up of vehicle–trailer systems

We set out to answer the question: At what hitch angle does it become impossible for a vehicle and trailer to continue to backing up without getting into a jackknife? Jackknifing during backing up of trailers occurs when the hitch angle increases to a point such that the vehicle and trailer fold together about the hitch point like a jackknife. If the backward motion is continued, the jackknife effect progressively worsens, until the vehicle and trailer are in physical contact with each other. Jackknifing can result in traffic disruptions and wasted time, and can potentially cause damage or personal injury. Our goal is to analytically determine the ‘critical hitch angle’ (θ_cr), the hitch angle threshold beyond which a continued reverse motion causes an inescapable jackknifing. In this paper, we provide a formal definition of θ_cr for slow backing up of vehicle–trailer systems on a level solid surface, beyond which the vehicle must stop backing up and revert to forward motion in order to escape from jackknifing. The critical hitch angle is sub-categorised into Absolute (θ_cr, a) and Directional (θ_cr, d) critical hitch angles depending on the operating constraints and vehicle steering objectives. One solution for θ_cr is posed as a numerical solution to the steady-state conditions of the dynamic equations. The effects of such hitch angle limitations are demonstrated through simulation. Also, a warning system making use of the θ_cr is proposed. Such warning systems can assist drivers in avoiding jackknifing while backing up a vehicle–trailer system.