基于多车协作优化的冲突消解模型

传统自动驾驶车辆以假设通行权为前提设计冲突消解算法,但在无信号交叉口存在道路通行权不明确情况,给自动驾驶车辆决策带来困扰.本文提出基于多车协作优化的无信号交叉口冲突消解方法,将多个自动驾驶车辆看成一个整体,利用多目标优化控制理论,计算分配给相互冲突车辆的期望速度规划,达到协作行驶的目的.设置协作与非协作式冲突消解仿真实验.结果表明：多车协作的冲突消解方法通过优化车辆联合行动,使交叉口车辆整体收益最大,各利益体间的收益更为均衡;与非协作行驶决策相比,冲突消解时间缩短,减少交叉口单车平均延误1~2 s,平均减少量约为5%.本文可为无信号交叉口自动驾驶车辆冲突时自主协同行驶提供参考.     

港口污水处理设备及中水回用系统设计运行管理实践

为进一步节能减排,秦皇岛港杂货分公司建设了港口污水处理设备和中水回用系统。对港口设计使用污水处理设备及中水回用系统的可行性进行分析。介绍项目设计原则、建设规模及处理要求。该项目取得良好效果。     

Asymptotic calculation of wave period statistics in non-Gaussian mixed sea

This article concerns the calculation of the wave period probability densities in non-Gaussian mixed sea states.The calculations are carried out by incorporating a second order nonlinear wave model into an asymptotic analysis method which is a novel approach to the calculation of wave period probability densities.Since all of the calculations are performed in the probability domain,the approach avoids long time-domain simulations.The accuracy and efficiency of the asymptotic analysis method for calculating the wave period probability densities are validated by comparing the results predicted using the method with those predicted by using the Monte-Carlo simulation(MCS) method.     

Synchronized Production and Transportation Planning Using Subcontracted Vehicles in a Production-Distribution Network

Abstract

Effective management of interfaces between procurement, supply, production and distribution for higher efficiency in the supply chain is an important issue in global manufacturing, where the synchronization of production and transportation planning represents important savings in operational costs. This paper focuses on the synchronization of production planning and transportation planning in a production distribution network, where transportation is subcontracted to a professional transportation enterprise (PTE) for vehicle-hiring. Dynamic and flexible numbers of vehicles are used to cater for fast changing market demands. Thus, the number of vehicles to be hired is viewed from the planning point of view as an operational decision considered simultaneously with production and transportation planning. A mathematical model – SPTP/MTDS – for synchronized production and transportation planning under multiple times and direct shipping strategy (MTDS) is discussed, and a Lagrange relaxation decomposition-based two layer decision procedure (LRD-TLDP) is developed. By introducing artificial decision variables and Lagrange multipliers, SPTP/MTDS is decomposed into a production decision sub-problem (SPTP-PD), and a distribution decision sub-problem (SPTP-DD). A priority-based assignment heuristic and a partial chain-based genetic algorithm are developed to solve SPTP-PD and SPTP-DD, respectively. An illustration of the application of the model in an electronic appliance manufacturing enterprise in China is presented.     

Converting mixed pedestrian flows into equivalent commuters using standard pedestrian equivalent factors

This paper develops the concept of standard pedestrian equivalent (SPE) factors for converting a mixed pedestrian flow into an equivalent commuter flow. After a comprehensive review of passenger car equivalent (PCE) methodologies, the equal total travel time method is utilised for SPE estimation. A micro-simulation approach is employed for the formulation of the total travel time–flow relationship. Field data collected on walking speed distributions for commuters and older adults in Australia are used as model inputs. An independent samples t-test confirms the significant difference between walking speeds of commuters and older adults. For this paper, a unidirectional flow on flat walkways is initially considered and evaluated across proportions of older people, different flows and different walkway widths. The introduction of older adults significantly increases total travel time especially under congested conditions. Results of this investigation can be used for evaluation or design of pedestrian facilities experiencing similar flow conditions.     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

雾天对驾驶行为的影响研究——避撞驾驶行为

考虑雾天环境下不良视距对驾驶行为的影响,基于驾驶模拟器为实验平台,通过对46名实验人员在不同雾天实验场景下的测试来分析雾天对驾驶人紧急避撞行为的影响.选取一组非平衡重复测量数据,以刹车瞬时速度和刹车反应时间为因变量,将性别、职业作为固定效应,雾天作为重复测量变量建立线形混合效应模型,并采用SPSS求解.结果表明,在无雾、轻雾与浓雾环境下,驾驶人的平均刹车反应时间分别是1.22,1.26,1.56s,而平均刹车瞬时速度分别为68.10,45.53,48.85 km/h.与无雾环境相比,驾驶人在有雾环境下的可视距离受到限制,刹车反应时间分别增加了0.04 s和0.34s,刹车瞬时速度分别减少了22.57 km/h和19.25 km/h.     

交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制

为提高我国城市道路交叉口混合交通流智能信号控制的效率,提出一种基于高维多目标进化算法的交叉口混合交通流信号智能优化控制方法.首先,提出一种新的高维多目标进化算法GRMODE,设计了新的算法模型并改进了Pareto支配排序等多项关键技术;其次,设计了基于GRMODE算法的交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制模型,提供5项控制目标最优的信号控制方案.在南京市交叉口信号控制中的仿真实验结果表明,基于GRMODE算法的控制模型能够使交叉口机动车平均延误、停车次数、通行能力、非机动车平均延误及行人等待时间等多项性能指标同时达到最优,提升交叉口智能信号控制效率.     

不同类型钢纤维增强混凝土力学性能研究

通过对普通钢纤维和超短超细钢纤维以及这两种钢纤维按一定比例混杂的钢纤维进行一系列试验,讨论了三种类型钢纤维对水泥混凝土的增强和增韧效果,分析了它们在混凝土中的增韧及混杂效应机理。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土试件在开裂后仍有一定的残余强度,超短超细钢纤维能更为有效地提高混凝土的抗压性能,混杂钢纤维能在较大程度上提高混凝土的韧性。