集装箱多式联运系统的协同模型

集装箱多式联运系统是一个由多种运输方式构成,每种运输方式又自成体系的复杂系统。采用系统科学的方法,分析了集装箱多式联运系统的结构和协同学特征,并运用协同学理论,构建了以系统综合运输能力为序参量的国际集装箱多式联运协同发展方程。研究表明,随着控制变量逐渐变化,系统的定常态从稳定点变为不稳定点,系统发生结构变化。     

上海轨道交通龙阳路枢纽的规划与设计

龙阳路枢纽将形成上海轨道交通2号线、7号线、11号线、18号线和磁浮示范运营线等5线换乘的大型公共交通枢纽和市级公共活动中心。通过轨道交通线路优化调整使其总体布局更加紧凑,设计了地面公共换乘大厅以联系各条轨道交通线和磁浮示范运营线,同时对周边各种交通方式进行规划整合,达到换乘功能最优,体现了人性化的现代交通枢纽设计理念。     

Transantiago: A tale of two cities

The Chilean government decided to modernize Santiago's entire public transport system, integrating the underground and the private bus networks based on a structure of trunk and feeder services, and a fare-payment by touchless smart card. The new, integrated transit system, known as Transantiago, very soon ran into serious problems that alienated much of its user base and significantly lowered the government's approval ratings. This paper recounts how Transantiago was planned and designed and then discusses its evolution after implementation. It concludes with suggestions for the Transantiago authorities and lessons to be learned from this traumatic process.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

世界石油市场总体走势分析与启示

从宏观和微观等方面对世界石油市场进行了比较详细的分析,指出了能源消费的总体走势,分析了未来世纪石油市场的生产和储量,并对这方面的焦点问题进行了预测和分析。同时,对我国应采取的能源策略进行了阐述,对我国航运业如何采取相应的战略和运营策略颇有借鉴价值。     

阿霉素逆行运输致三叉神经节变化的实验研究

将０．５％阿霉素注射到大白鼠一侧眶下神经干内，药物经轴浆逆行传递很快被运输到相应的三叉神经节细胞，术后于同侧三叉神经节观察到阿霉素自体荧光，组织病理学、超微结构及电生理检查发现同侧节细胞有明显的变性和坏死。故认为阿霉素患支神经干内注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛是一种简便、安全、疗效可靠的新治疗方法。     

Policy innovations of the US intermodal surface transportation efficiency act and clean air act amendments

In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation.This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals — transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws.Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.Abbreviations CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 - CO Carbon monoxide - ECO Employee Commute Option - EPA US Environmental Protection Agency - HC Transportation hydrocarbons - I/M Inspections and maintenance program - ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 - MPO Metropolitan planning organizations - NO_x Nitrogen oxides - PPM Parts per million - PM₁₀ Small particulate matter - SIP State Implementation Plan - TIP Transportation Improvement Program - TCM Transportation control measures - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

城市综合交通枢纽静态标识布设研究

城市综合交通枢纽通过多种出行方式的整合,缩减了乘客的换乘时间;但庞大的枢纽建筑,增加了乘客寻找＂目的地＂的难度。通过对静态标识相关的现行国家标准和地方标准分析,提出静态标识的布设目标,梳理布设流程,制定布设的总体原则和各类静态标识布设原则。研究的结果将为相关的标准研究和设计工作提供帮助和支持。     

交通枢纽型商业中心的问题探讨及改善策略分析

城市商业中心区是城市中交通拥堵的多发地带,而交通枢纽及商业混合区域更是给交通带来了巨大的压力。文中结合镇江市城际枢纽站商业中心区的实例,对城市交通枢纽及商业混合区域的交通问题剖析,并对交通枢纽型商业中心区的交通改善策略进行了相应研究。通过采用公交优先、布置交通设施、构建先进的停车系统、合理组织交通流等措施,为该类地区的交通改善和治理提出对策,使得交通枢纽型商业中心的交通组织更加合理有序,尽可能地减少交通拥堵,促进城市和谐发展。