基于最优回归理论的舰船辐射噪声指向性统计模型及分析方法研究

文章在已有单航次的舰船噪声空间特性建模分析方法等研究成果的基础上,进一步研究了若干航次条件下的统计建模及分析方法。该研究主要以单一部位垂向剖面的噪声指向性为例,建立了基于最优回归理论的舰船目标辐射噪声特性的统计模型及分析方法,并开展了海上实测研究,验证了该模型及分析方法的正确性和可行性。该项成果为深入分析不同航行工况下各类舰船目标的噪声空间特性及其统计规律等创造了条件。     

基于NOVA的多孔材料吸声性能分析及优化

三聚氰胺泡沫是一种性能优良的多孔吸声材料.利用NOVA软件对三聚氰胺泡沫的吸声特性进行分析.首先将数值计算得到的多孔材料吸声系数与实测值比较,证明NOVA的预报结果具有可靠性.接着,分析了3种常见多孔材料的吸声系数曲线.最后,以材料厚度、密度、孔隙率和背面空腔厚度4个参数为因素,每个因素取4个水平,选用L16(45)正交表进行正交试验,找到了使材料平均吸声系数最高的因素水平组合,并通过方差分析发现,材料厚度和背后空腔厚度是影响三聚氰胺泡沫吸声性能的主要因素.     

深海海山周围航船噪声建模与特性研究

本文以抛物方程模型为基础,结合声场的互易性,提出一种深海低频航船噪声建模方法,该方法将声源与接收点位置互换,大大降低了声场计算的运行次数和运行时间,基于该方法对深海海山周围的航船噪声进行计算和分析.研究结果表明:海山对声传播损失的影响取决于接收阵元与海山的位置关系以及海山的几何参数.由于海山的遮挡作用,海山附近航船噪声的水平指向性具有不均匀性,在有海山遮挡的方向噪声级明显低于无海山遮挡的方向,海山附近航船噪声的垂直指向性会出现多个峰值.此外,单个尖峰海山的遮挡对接收阵元处的航船噪声总级影响较小.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

Noise level in the vicinity of signalized roundabouts

The analysis, assessment and estimation of noise levels in the vicinity of intersections is a more complex problem than a similar analysis for roads and streets. This is due to the varied geometry of the intersections, differences in the loads of individual movements, participation of heavy vehicles and mass transport vehicles, as well as the various types of traffic management and traffic control. This article analyses the influence of intersection type and traffic characteristics on the noise levels in the vicinity of classic channelized intersections with signalization, roundabouts and signalized roundabouts. Based on the conducted measurements, it has been established that, with comparable traffic parameters and the same distance from the geometric centre of the intersection, the L_Aeq value for signalized roundabouts is 2.5–10.8 dB higher in comparison to classic channelized intersections with signalization and 3.3–6.7 dB higher in relations to the analysed roundabout. Additionally the differences between L_Aeq levels at individual entries at the same signalized roundabouts may reach the value of approximately 4.5 dB. Such situation is influenced by differences in the intersection geometry, diameter of the intersection’s central island, traffic flow type, traffic management at the entries and traffic volume, especially the amount and traffic movements of multiple axle heavy vehicles. These factors have been analysed in detail in relation to signalized roundabouts in this paper.     

拱墩降温对大跨桥上连续式无砟轨道竖向位移影响分析

受季节和日照的影响,高墩大跨拱桥混凝土结构会出现膨胀现象,从而引起桥墩顶部竖向位移的变化。为了研究拱墩降温对高墩大跨拱桥上连续式无砟轨道竖向位移和高低不平顺的影响,根据桥上连续式无砟轨道的结构和受力特征,参考国内某大跨度上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的实际参数,利用有限元方法,建立线-桥-墩一体化模型,分析拱墩降温对大跨拱桥上连续式无砟轨道的竖向位移和高低不平顺的影响。结果表明:拱墩降温引起的大跨桥上线路竖向位移较明显,设计时不可忽略;拱墩降温会引起线路高低不平顺,且对长波不平顺影响最严重;线路高低不平顺随降温幅度增加而增大,在年温差较大的地区目前不建议高墩大跨拱桥与连续式无砟轨道配合设计使用。     

液压泵噪声的统计分析和试验研究方法

结合液压泵降噪实践对液压泵噪声的统计分析和试验研究作简要述评。指出“液压泵噪声的统计分析及频谱测试”为估算同类液压泵噪声总级并估计其频率分布提供了简便有效方法,为正确设计液压系统使其工作在低噪声工况提供了依据;对“低噪声液压泵”的选型和液压泵降噪措施的发展有益。     

嵌入粘弹性包覆层的吸声覆盖层低频性能研究

在单层牯弹性圆柱管吸声覆盖层的基础上,发展了嵌入低剪切波波速包覆层即双层粘弹性圆柱管的吸声结构的理论模型.推导了轴对称波特征方程的低频近似解,并根据牛顿迭代法进一步计算精确解,为吸声覆盖层的低频性能快速预报提供基础.数值分析表明包覆层嵌入比例的增加、或者包覆材料剪切波速的减小能有效地改善低频吸声性能.     

连续箱梁桥检测及加固评价

以某连续箱梁桥加固为工程背景,通过对加固前、后两次荷载试验获得的现状数据进行对比分析,对加固效果进行了评价。同时引入＂应力储备系数＂概念,为以后的预应力连续箱梁桥的加固荷载试验提供借鉴。     

电子战环境中的雷达侦察仿真系统设计

针对某型飞机任务系统模拟器的研制需要,结合具体的应用环境,对雷达侦察仿真系统框架进行设计并从工程应用的角度出发建立了信号生成模型、接收机噪声仿真模型和截获能力模型,利用侦察系统截获能力模型和信号生成模型之间的数据关系对信号生成模型进行优化以提高仿真的实时性,进而开发雷达侦察仿真系统。该系统目前已成功应用于基于HLA组网的某型飞机训练模拟器中,满足了系统的功能性和实时性的需求,可为相关工作提供参考。