真空预压下考虑渗透系数变化的吹填土地基固结分析

吹填土的含水率高达80%以上,孔隙比大。使用真空预压法加固吹填土,土体孔隙比变化很大,土体的渗透系数也随之发生很大的变化。通过室内真空模型试验获取土样在真空荷载下的固结规律和力学参数。采用修正的剑桥模型,并考虑渗透系数随孔隙比变化的非线性关系,运用比奥固结理论分析模型槽试验中土体在真空荷载下的孔压、孔隙比变化规律。其计算结果与实测值对比表明,该模型能很好地分析吹填土在真空荷载下的固结规律。计算结果显示:贴近排水板的土体在很短时间内被压密,造成吹填土地基固结缓慢。因此,若采用不考虑渗透系数变化的计算模型计算吹填土的固结度,该模型的计算值比考虑渗透系数变化模型的计算值大,与实际情况不符。故在进行吹填土地基固结计算时,考虑渗透系数变化是非常必要的。     

Cargo Container Loading Plan Model and Solution Method for International Air Express Carriers

Abstract

In this article, a cargo container loading plan model is developed based on the operations of FedEx, the international air express carrier. The objective is to minimize total container handling cost, subject to related operating constraints. The model is expected to be a useful planning tool whereby international air express carriers such as FedEx can decide on container loading plans that will lead to lower operating costs, thus enhancing profits and market competitiveness. The model is formulated as a non-linear mixed integer program that is characterized as NP-hard. A solution method is then developed, with the use of the mathematical programming solver, CPLEX, to solve the problem efficiently. To evaluate the model and the solution method, we perform a case study using data from FedEx. The preliminary results indicate that the model and the solution method are both efficient and effective.     

Analysis of Work Zone Traffic Behavior for Planning Applications

Abstract

Understanding work zone traffic behavior is important for the planning and operation of work zones. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of work zone traffic flow elements by analyzing the relationships between speed, flow, and density that can be used to estimate the capacity of work zones. Traffic flow data were collected from 22 work zone sites on South Carolina interstate highways. The scatter plots of the collected data demonstrate that the relationship between speed and density does not follow Greenshields’ linear model. A non-linear hyperbolic model was developed to describe the relationship between speed and density. Using this model the capacity of a work zone was estimated to be 1550 passenger cars per hour for 2-lane to 1-lane closures. Adjustments to this capacity value to consider other types of vehicle as well as the work zone intensity are provided. Highway agencies can use this estimated capacity along with anticipated traffic demand to schedule work zone operations to avoid long periods of over-saturation.

The tapered approach to work zone lane closures used by South Carolina is similar to methods used in work zones throughout the world. The authors believe that the methodology described in this paper for modeling work zone traffic as well as estimating work zone capacity is transferable to other countries. The conversion of actual volumes to passenger car equivalents may have to be modified due to the significant differences in traffic makeup between the United States and other countries.     

Some features of non-linear travel time models for dynamic traffic assignment

Abstract

This paper investigates some features of non-linear travel time models for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) that adopt traffic on the link as the sole determinant for the calculation of travel time and have explicit relationships between travel time and traffic on the link. Analytical proofs and numerical examples are provided to show first-in-first-out (FIFO) violation and the behaviour of decreasing outflow with increasing traffic in non-linear travel time models. It is analytically shown that any non-linear travel time model could violate FIFO in some circumstances, especially when inflow drops sharply, and some convex non-linear travel time models could show behaviour with outflow decreasing as traffic increases. It is also shown that the linear travel time model does not show these behaviours. A non-linear travel time model in general form was used for analytical proofs and several existing non-linear travel time models were adopted for numerical examples. Considering the features addressed in this study, non-linear travel time models seem to have limitations for use in DTA in practical terms and care should be taken when they are used for modelling time-varying transportation networks.     

鄂东长江大桥施工过程非线性稳定性分析

为探讨大跨度混合梁斜拉桥施工过程中结构非线性稳定性的变化规律及其影响因素,以鄂东长江大桥为研究对象,按照结构型式及施工工序的特点,采用LSB和ANSYS有限元软件计算大桥施工过程非线性稳定安全系数并获得结构失稳形态,分析了非线性因素对静力稳定性的影响规律.此外,探讨了混合梁斜拉桥设计与施工工程参数——钢混结合部位置、索梁锚固方式、施工临时荷载及横向风荷载与大桥施工过程非线性稳定性的关系.结果表明,上述工程参数对施工过程非线性稳定性有不同程度的影响,但总体上并非其控制性因素.      

非线性模型在钢桥面铺装层温度场计算中的应用

根据预测量钢桥面铺装结构温度场对预测因子气温的依赖关系,基于工程实例中钢桥面铺装层温度场和气温的实测数据,用统计分析软件PASW进行铺装层表面极端温度非线性回归模型求解,并确定了该项工程钢桥面铺装结构的设计温度,对于钢桥面铺装的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

露天矿山电铲卡车优化设计

在露天矿开采中,增加露天矿经济效益的主要途径是提高大型电铲、卡车的利用率。在考虑露天矿一个生产班次(8 h)内铲位产量、卸点需求、道路运输能力以及电铲装车、卸点吞吐量的能力等约束条件下,针对提高大型设备利用率的目的,提出分别以最少总运量(t.km)、电铲数量和最少卡车数量为目标,建立线性整数规划(0-1规划)模型和非线性规划模型,并给出相应快速算法,结合某矿山实际给出算例对其进行了验证,并分析了目标模型可进一步优化的方向。     

汽车后防护装置的碰撞仿真分析

应用动态非线性有限元法,按照国标GB11567.2-2001关于汽车后下部防护装置要求中规定的条件,对某重型商用车后下部防护装置在追尾碰撞过程中的变形、速度及加速度的动态仿真分析方法进行了详细的介绍.应用Hyperworks在结构合理简化的基础上,建立了结构碰撞分析的结构有限元模型.通过LEDYNA对两种不同设计方案进行了仿真计算,通过对仿真结果的比较分析,确定了满足法规要求和满足安全性要求的较佳方案.     

Non-linear aerothermoelastic modeling and behavior of a double-wedge lifting surface

The design of the re-entry space vehicles and high-speed aircraft structures requires special attention to the non-linear thermoelastic and aerodynamic instabilities. The thermal effects are important since temperature environment influences significantly the static and dynamic behaviors of flight structures in supersonic/hypersonic regimes. The dynamic behavior of a double-wedge lifting surface with combined freeplay and cubic stiffening structural nonlinearities in both plunging and pitching degrees-of-freedom (DOF) operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes has been analyzed. In addition a third order piston theory aerodynamics (PTA) is used to evaluate the non-linear unsteady aerodynamic loads applied to the wing section. Loss of torsional stiffness that may be incurred by lifting surfaces subjected to axial stresses induced by aerodynamic heating is also considered. The aerodynamic heating effect is estimated based on the adiabatic wall temperature due to high speed airstreams. It is demonstrated that serious losses of torsional stiffness may occur in such lifting surfaces; the influence of various parameters such as flight condition, thickness ratio, freeplays and pitching stiffness nonlinearity are discussed.     

基于S型函数预处理的RBF神经网络交通流量预测

根据交通流复杂性的特点,提出了一种基于S型函数标准化数据预处理的交通流量RBF网络预测方法,缩短了RBF网络训练时间;同时采用OLS算法有效降低RBF网络训练的随机性。实验仿真结果表明,该算法可用于实时交通流量及参数预测,并具有可靠的精度和较好的收敛速度。