西部公路建设与环境保护

介绍我国西部公路建设中存在的影响环境保护的几方面问题,提出如何根据各地的自然环境、生态环境、社会经济环境特点,因地制宜地解决好公路建设环境保护问题的几点建议。     

中国船级社发展的体制和政策环境思考

中国船级社作为类行政组织在我国从计划经济向市场经济转轨时期具有重要地位和作用,在其发展中面临着来自体制改革、法制建设、风险责任、竞争与国际化进程和诚信观念等方面的困难与挑战;中国船级社应建立有限责任风险结构体系,进一步完善管理体制、运作机制和工作模式,适时调整业务结构,改革管理模式,实施规模经营战略。     

Spatial distribution of cadmium over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea

Eddy systems are a unique ecosystem, usually having high biological masses and primary production in the sea. In this study, both particulate and dissolved phases of cadmium in the water column of 15 stations over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea were determined to obtain their spatial distributions. This allows us to confirm that cyclonic eddy systems play the role of a Cd pump in the sea.Results showed that particulate Cd (PCd) and dissolved Cd (DCd) concentrations in water varied greatly, ranging over two orders and one order of magnitude, respectively. Large spatial variability was found not only for PCd but also for DCd in the upper water, apparently due to the effects of the cyclonic eddy system on the Cd distributions over the study area. DCd accounts for about 99% of the total Cd. For the surface water, DCd concentration at the eddy center was about five times the average of the water surrounding the eddy center. The depth distributions of DCd exhibited a typical surface depletion and a subsequent increase with depth; however, the PCd distribution showed the opposite, i.e. a surface maximum and a subsequent decline with depth. In general, the DCd maxima were found at depths of 600–1000 m, agreeing well with the literature. It reflected the internal biogeochemical cycling of Cd in the water column, which was driven by the utilization of Cd by plankton in the euphotic zone and by the regeneration of Cd at depth. In addition, a remarkably high DCd concentration existed in near-bottom water around the cyclonic eddy center.The horizontal distributions of both PCd and DCd in the upper water shared a common feature with elevated concentrations centering around the eddy center and a decline in concentration with distance from the eddy center. This shows that the cyclonic eddy could bring up the Cd-rich deep water to the surface water around the eddy center and could then expand toward eddy's vicinity via advection–diffusion. It is thus likely that it produces ample biological masses over the eddy system. Hence, this work can demonstrate that the ascending nutrient-rich water driven by the cyclonic eddies can serve as an important source not only for many nutrients but also for Cd in the sea.     

夯能和夯击次数在西部山区公路填方路堤中的应用

文章介绍了强夯法在国内外研究和应用的现状,结合强夯在西部山区填方路堤再压实的试验,分析了夯能和夯击次数对填方路堤沉降量的影响,提出了不同夯能条件下夯击次数的具体取值范围,为今后同类工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

服务社会 带动经济——新中国60年标准化工作回顾

回顾新中国标准化工作的建立、在国家建设中成长、在经济发展中壮大的过程,以及目前我国标准化工作深入社会各领域、向国际舞台迈进的进展情况。     

Copula-EVT Based Tail Dependence Structure of Financial Markets in China

Tail dependence structure model based on Copula theory and extreme value theory （EVT） is constructed to picture the tail correlation of financial time series more exact. The empirical research results show that the Gumbel Copula can fit the upper and lower tail dependence structures of Shanghai A share index and Shenzhen A share index, and correlation of upper tails of both indices is stronger than that of lower-tails.     

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根据我国建国以来铁路列车运行计划编制的特点,将编制方法分为4个阶段,分析归纳了4个阶段编辑方法的基本特征、主要成果、与发达国家的差异及存在问题。接着,论文根据列车运行计划编制涉及的主要方法与技术,从列车运行图、人员与设备周转计划、车站作业计划、方案计算验证4个方面分析了列车运行计划编制的主要方法和技术关键。通过对列车运行计划集成编制的研究,提出了新一代列车运行综合计划编制的系统框架、需要突破的关键科学问题以及技术实现的要点。最后,结合作者在该领域已经取得的研究进展,阐述了新一代列车运行综合计划系统编制的功能及其应用案例。     

论我国"死刑正当程序"的十大缺陷

本详细分析了我国现行死刑正当程序方面存在的十个突出问题,包括“无罪推定”原则不能真正落实;犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的辩护权难以得到有效的保障;犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的基本人权无法得到有效保障;死刑犯申请减刑权、赦免权的缺乏;审判机关缺乏应有的适格性;上诉程序一定程度的“虚置”;一事不再理原则的缺位;死刑案件证明标准过低;判决表决程序不符合慎重适用死刑的要求等。     

基于CPN高铁临时限速数据融合方案验证

高速铁路列控系统中C3单元和C2单元相对独立控车,两套系统中的列控数据在系统层之间缺乏共享和约束机制.本文在分析系统结构和数据传输特性的基础上,提出一种基于数据融合,提升高速铁路临时限速安全性的方案,并利用有色Petri网（CPN）对融合方案进行建模.通过仿真软件分层和赋时功能构造系统顶层模型、临时限速生成子模型、故障子模型、融合子模型和时间序列,模拟临时限速信息传输过程中的系统状态和行为.仿真结果表明：在故障注入情况下,数据融合方案在一定程度降低了错误数据的输出,提高了系统的安全性.     

战后初期日本的对华政策(1945～1952)

日本于1952年旧金山和约生效前虽因失去国家独立和主权而致外交空间狭小，但仍对东亚国际政治局面积极应对，即一面在美国的安排下，参与排斥中华人民共和国于和会之外，并推进与台湾的媾和；一面则在所有外交交涉中处心积虑为与大陆建立关系留下余地。在此过程中凸现的现实主义外交手法和原则对以后的日本政府的对华政策影响至深。