信息安全事件响应中的两个重要问题研究

当IT系统发生安全事件时,响应时机判断和处理对象优先级选择是影响事件处理效率和成本优化程度的重要因素,这两个因素的判断结果取决于安全事件及相应的IT资产对业务运营的影响程度.本文就此提出一种基于业务运营绩效指标来定量计算安全事件对业务运营影响程度的分析方法,该方法以流转时间作为事件响应时机的判断依据,以流转率作为处理对象优先级选择的依据,使得分析过程更为精细,判断结果更为精确.最后,通过一个案例验证了该方法的有效性.     

Energy-efficient operation of rail vehicles

This paper describes an analytical process that computes the optimal operating successions of a rail vehicle to minimize energy consumption. Rising energy prices and environmental concerns have made energy conservation a high priority for transportation operations. The cost of energy consumption makes up a large portion of the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs of transit especially rail transit systems. Energy conservation or reduction in energy cost may be one of the effective ways to reduce transit operating cost, therefore improve the efficiency of transit operations.From a theoretical point of view, the problem of energy efficient train control can be formulated as one of the functions of Optimal Control Theory. However, the classic numerical optimization methods such as discrete method of optimum programming are too slow to be used in an on-board computer even with the much improved computation power, today. The contribution of this particular research is the analytical solution that gives the sequence of optimal controls and equations to find the control change points. As a result, a calculation algorithm and a computer program for energy efficient train control has been developed. This program is also capable of developing energy efficient operating schedules by optimizing distributions of running time for an entire route or any part of rail systems.We see the major application of the proposed algorithms in fully or partially automated Train Control Systems. The modern train control systems, often referred as “positive” train control (PTC), have collected a large amount of information to ensure safety of train operations. The same data can be utilized to compute the optimum controls on-board to minimize energy consumption based on the algorithms proposed in this paper. Most of the input data, such as track plan, track profile, traction and braking characteristics, speed limits and required trip time are located in an on-board database and/or they can be transmitted via radio link to be processed by the proposed algorithm and program.     

基于事故树的铁路行车系统可靠度模糊评定方法研究

针对铁路行车系统,先采用事故树分析法对系统进行定性和定量分析,提出了两类情况下对影响系统可靠性的主次因素划分及其模糊评判权量的计算方法;再利用多层模糊综合评判方法对系统建立可靠度动态评定模型,针对各因素属性特点,提出了扩展评判集的概念和求解扩展评判矩阵的方法;通过提出扩展评判矩阵的收缩方法,得到收缩向量,给出了系统可靠度算式;对铁路行车追尾事故防护系统进行实例分析,分析表明该方法对系统的可靠度能够做出正确的判断.为铁路车务段行车安全提供了新思路,对加强车务段行车安全管理作业,保证铁路运输安全畅通具有重要意义.     

公路线形设计与运行速度及交通安全的关系分析

通过论述山区道路线形设计与运行速度及交通安全的关系,分别从平面因素、断面因素、线形组合等几个方面分析线形设计与运行速度的关系.运行速度能够实时反映驾驶员生理和心理的变化,这是综合驾驶人、车辆、道路状况等信息之后表征出的车辆状态.     

应用于小型发动机市场的怠速空气控制阀

面对发展中国家越来越严峻的空气污染状况,正在积极制定、颁布更加严厉的小型发动机排放法规和标准。目前,怠速空气控制阀（IACV）与电子燃油喷射（EFI）组合已被广泛应用于大型发动机汽车市场的尾气排放中,这种组合同样也被认为是有助于降低小型发动机尾气排放的最有效的解决方案。     

城市出租客运行业特性与政府规制分析

针对当前出租客运行业存在的群体性事件多发、打车难、经营行为不规范等问题,重点研究如何构建完善的政府规制体系.为阐述出租客运行业结构和市场特征,更加真实地揭示行业运行规律,对出租客运的服务对象进行了分类,并结合对政府规制的理论研究和规制效果的经验式观察,论证了不同的规制策略在出租客运行业的效果、效率和成本.在对出租客运行业管理中,数量、价格、服务和行为是政府规制的4个关键环节.对此4方面的规制原则、类型、手段和范围进行深入的探讨与评析,有助于构建完善合理的出租汽车规制体系.研究结果表明,信息和规则等因素决定了巡游式出租客运市场不具备完全竞争条件,在诸方面进行适度的规制是出租客运行业的合理选择.     

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程整治物模试验效果*

针对太仓至南通河段两个重点碍航河段——通州沙水道和白茆沙水道的碍航特点,实施长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程,目标是使12.5 m深水航道从目前的太仓港上延至南通港.通过动床物理模型试验对该一期工程平面方案进行研究.研究结果表明:一期工程能起到较明显的沙体守护效果,通州沙顺堤和齿坝能遏制通州沙及狼山沙沙体左缘的冲刷后退,并能遏制狼山沙窜沟的冲刷发展,且狼山沙东水道碍航浅段水深条件有所改善.一期工程亦能起到较明显的白茆沙沙体守护效果,能遏制沙头冲刷后退的趋势,该工程对白茆沙头部南侧的小沙包有较明显冲刷作用,白茆沙南水道进口段有一定程度冲刷,航行条件改善.因此预计一期工程可以达到工程建设目标.     

Atmospheric Emissions from Shipping: The Need for Regulation and Approaches to Compliance

Shipping has traditionally been viewed as the least environmentally damaging mode of freight transport. Recent studies have increasingly questioned this perception, as attention has focused on both the greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO₂) and the emission of health-damaging pollutants (such as sulphur, nitrogen oxides and particulates) by ships. This paper reviews the available evidence on the atmospheric emissions of shipping. It proposes that the profit objective has prompted the pursuit of greater fuel efficiency within the sector, but that reliance on market forces alone is insufficient to deliver on the environmental imperative. The paper outlines the current and planned regulatory regime for the atmospheric emissions from ships and posits that greater, and more diverse, market regulation is required. Alternative general approaches to regulatory compliance are categorised as ‘alternative sources of energy’ or ‘abatement technologies’ and the characteristics of a range of specific options are analysed. The paper concludes that although the shipping industry has been slow to improve its environmental credentials, a combination of regulation and technological innovation provides it with significant potential to dramatically reduce its environmental impact.     

网约共享出行研究综述

网约共享出行是智慧城市交通系统的重要组成部分,作为新兴的移动互联出行方式,产生 了海量庞杂、异质多源、大尺度时空关联的交通大数据,蕴含能够描述复杂交通系统供需态势的 丰富信息。从网约共享出行行为机理、平台管理优化、政府监管政策、系统仿真优化等4个方面, 综述了国内外网约共享出行研究的基础理论前沿和交通运输管理实践成果,归纳总结了其中存 在的问题。通过移动互联交通大数据,分析网约车乘客和司机的出行行为影响因素、特征辨识及 外部性,追踪城市个体和群体的出行行为演变规律,揭示网约共享出行系统供需平衡和网络均衡 机理。研究解决网约共享出行供需的时空效应及短时预测问题,优化网约共享出行平台定价策 略,提高平台匹配和调度效率,实现供需时空资源的优化配置。利用智能体仿真、基于活动的仿 真、数据驱动的仿真等技术手段对理论结果进行模拟推演和优化验证,为政府制定相关监管政策 和平台优化运营管理策略提供理论依据和工具支持。并面向复杂动态移动互联环境,展望了亟 须开展的若干重点研究方向。     

高速铁路行车调度节能运行图编制方法研究

针对高速铁路行车调度节能需求的现状,以列车在区间运行效率最高和总能耗最低为优化目标,提出以区间运行时间和停站时间为输入变量,对能耗成本和运行时间进行优化,建立节能运行图编制模型.通过仿真实验,结果表明在列车运行图编制中,考虑适当地增加列车运行时间和优化停站方案时,可以节省很多列车运行能耗.