一种相控阵天线的FSS天线罩设计与分析

  目的  针对频选天线罩对阵列天线波束扫描的不利影响,提出一种综合优化频选天线罩的方法。  方法  首先,设计一款由25个对称阵子组成的阵列天线和一款大角度入射时仍具有较好阻抗带宽和滤波性能的频选天线罩。然后,在此基础上使用HFSS软件对由频选天线罩—阵列天线组成的系统进行仿真,以阵列天线的辐射特性受影响最小为目标,确定频选天线罩的尺寸,以及频选天线罩与阵列天线间的距离。最后,比较单独阵列天线与频选天线罩—阵列天线系统的扫描角度变化。为验证理论的正确性,在实验中对不同扫描角度下带有频选天线罩的阵列天线方向图予以测试。  结果  结果显示,当频选天线罩与阵列天线间距离为0.5λ时,频选天线罩对阵列天线副瓣与后瓣增益的影响最小,当阵列天线主瓣波束扫描角度达到40°时,频选天线罩会对阵列天线扫描角产生约0.25°的变化。  结论  经过分析与优化的频选天线罩不会对阵列天线辐射性能产生不利影响,该设计方法可用于更大尺寸的阵列天线加频选天线罩。     

车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真

为了提高车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真的逼真度, 采用迹线法计算了车轮踏面接触轮廓面, 以平面方式表现轮轨动态接触关系, 钢轨以梁的形式参与振动, 通过实时建立具有一定垂向、横向和扭转振动形态的钢轨模型来模拟钢轨的振动行为。仿真结果表明, 在保证优良的实时性的同时, 可以清晰地观察轮轨接触点的变化情况, 免去了在复杂的三维场景中变换视点的操作, 使轮轨动态接触关系更简洁, 通过实时创建钢轨模型, 使钢轨振动行为的模拟更逼真。     

发动机泄漏辅助制动数值模拟

为了研究发动机泄漏辅助制动系统的工作过程, 应用计算流体力学软件Fluent建立了发动机泄漏辅助制动系统的数值模拟计算模型, 利用压力曲线对模型进行了验证, 计算了发动机泄漏制动时的缸内压力和流场分布情况。发现: 发动机泄漏辅助制动系统工作时, 排气门预开间隙大, 则缸内所能达到的压力峰值小, 得到的制动功率小。在压缩过程开始阶段与膨胀过程中, 出现了气体由排气道倒流入气缸中的现象, 且转速低, 排气门开度大时, 倒流现象出现得早。分析结果表明: 适当选择排气门预开间隙, 可以提高发动机泄漏辅助制动系统的制动功率。     

高速列车轮轨参数对车轮踏面磨耗的影响

建立了高速列车多体动力学仿真模型和车轮踏面磨耗计算模型, 通过动力学模拟计算了轮轨接触关系和接触力, 用FASTSIM重新计算轮轨接触斑内的滑动速度、轮轨切向力和摩擦功率的分布, 采用基于摩擦功的轮轨磨耗模型计算了车轮滚过一圈时踏面上一个接触斑的磨耗质量, 再通过累积得到运行一定距离后的踏面磨耗深度。采用数值仿真方法研究了不同车轮踏面外形、轮对内侧距、轨底坡和车速对踏面磨耗深度和磨耗分布的影响。计算结果表明: LMA和S1002踏面的磨耗分布比较均匀, LM踏面的磨耗深度最大, LM和XP55踏面的磨耗区域更靠近轮缘; 在LMA踏面标准轮轨匹配参数下, 轮对内侧距增加会增加磨耗, 磨耗深度随着轨底坡减小而增大; 高速列车车轮踏面磨耗与等效锥度密切相关, 较小的等效锥度会减小磨耗, 但等效锥度的选择需要兼顾动力学性能的其他方面。     

交通路口可变相位信号控制

利用集合理论的一些相关知识, 研究了孤立交通路口的信号控制, 提出了孤立交通路口可变相位信号控制的方法。与传统交通路口模糊信号控制的方法相比, 可变相位信号控制的相位顺序、相位时间以及相位组合更加灵活, 更适应交通路口实时变化的交通状况, 同时可变相位信号控制能够适应不同形状交通路口的信号控制。用TSIS仿真软件仿真结果表明可变相位信号控制的效果要优于传统模糊控制, 是进行路口信号控制的一种实用和有效的算法。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

Adapt-Traf: An adaptive multiagent road traffic management system based on hybrid ant-hierarchical fuzzy model

Usually, road networks are characterized by their great dynamics including different entities in interactions. This leads to more complex road traffic management. This paper proposes an adaptive multiagent system based on the ant colony behavior and the hierarchical fuzzy model. This system allows adjusting efficiently the road traffic according to the real-time changes in road networks by the integration of an adaptive vehicle route guidance system. The proposed system is implemented and simulated under a multiagent platform in order to discuss the improvement of the global road traffic quality in terms of time, fluidity and adaptivity.     

Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.