耙吸挖泥船沙床高度与土粒径在线估计

沙床高度与土壤土质作为调整耙吸挖泥船疏浚策略的重要依据无法通过传感器直接测得。针对这一问题,结合动态沉积模型对沙床和与土质相关的土壤粒径进行分析,对疏浚过程土质的变化方式进行两种模拟,以"新海凤"号为例利用实测数据对模型进行校正。通过模式搜索离线估算疏浚工况的土壤平均粒径,采用粒子滤波算法在验证沉积模型的基础上对沙床高度与土质粒径进行在线估计。仿真结果表明,对粒径建立随机游走模型更能拟合装载曲线,同时沙床高度也受疏浚土质的影响。理论成果为疏浚工程提供参考,并将应用于挖泥船辅助决策系统中。     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

基于改进模糊Petri网的航空保障系统易损性评估

提出一种基于改进模糊Petri网(FPN)的系统易损性评估模型.该模型在传统FPN基础上结合一种改进的粒子群优化算法,既能够模拟系统复杂的逻辑关系,又能够更方便地通过训练样本来确定系统中大量未知参数,摆脱对专家经验的依赖,具有优良的收敛性能.针对大型载机舰船航空保障系统的特性,建立了基于改进FPN的航保系统易损性评估模型.算例表明该方法比传统损伤树法更合理、全面,可推广用于舰船复杂系统易损性评估.     

粒子群算法在巡航导弹航路规划中的应用

基于最小威胁曲面的概念,将三维航路投影到二维平面上,从而使巡航导弹的航路规划过程从三维空间映射到为二维平面内进行,分别建立了航路的威胁模型和代价模型,应用粒子群算法在进行航路寻优,介绍了航路寻优的流程并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,粒子群算法能够有效地解决巡航导弹的航路全局寻优问题。     

SPH中改进无网格插值方法比较和精度分析(英文)

In the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a meshless interpolation scheme is needed for the unknown function in order to discretize the governing equation. A particle approximation method has so far been used for this purpose. Traditional particle interpolation (TPI) is simple and easy to do, but its low accuracy has become an obstacle to its wider application. This can be seen in the cases of particle disorder arrangements and derivative calculations. There are many different methods to improve accuracy, with the moving least square (MLS) method one of the most important meshless interpolation methods. Unfortunately, it requires complex matrix computing and so is quite time-consuming. The authors developed a simpler scheme, called higher-order particle interpolation (HPI). This scheme can get more accurate derivatives than the MLS method, and its function value and derivatives can be obtained simultaneously. Although this scheme was developed for the SPH method, it has been found useful for other meshless methods.     

破碎波对直立堤作用的实验研究(英文)

Breaking waves can have tremendous destructive impact on vertical walls,yet they are poorly understood.By using particle imaging velocimetry(PIV) technology and high-precision pressure transducers,actual breaking wave loads on vertical walls were studied.By simultaneously comparing the flow field structure and wave pressure,the mechanisms of breaking wave pressure could be analyzed.The probability distribution of the peak value of the first impact of a breaking wave was investigated.The results showed that the impact pressure p is mainly distributed in the range of 0.25-2.75 ρν 2,with the greatest possible probability at p/ρ v2= 0.75.     

大悬挑钢箱梁三维仿真分析

以武汉市二环线大悬挑钢箱梁为例,采用三维有限元,建立以顶板、底板、腹板及横隔板等单元件组成的三维仿真模型,研究了各个单元件的受力和变形特征。结果表明：大悬挑钢箱梁面板横向应力水平数倍于常规钢箱梁,在支撑附近横向应力与纵向应力一样都为控制性因素;三维仿真模型也可分析支座横隔板和挑臂等局部构件的应力;根据结构的受力特征可有效地进行结构优化调整。     

船舶绿色涂装装备与颗粒物排放治理技术

针对船舶涂装污染物排放问题,进行绿色表面除锈清理和大包装喷涂工艺装备研发,结合涂装工艺改进与装备升级,开展涂装粉尘、漆雾和挥发性有机污染物(Volatile Organic Compound,VOC)排放治理技术研究。绿色涂装工艺装备可有效减少粉尘,VOC最大减排率达12.5%。颗粒物治理技术综合应用结果表明,绿色涂装工艺装备的应用和涂装工艺改进可有效减少污染物排放。     

A numerical study of the effects of bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing behavior considering roll resonant motion

In the present study, aiming to provide practical guidance for the structural design, the effects of the small bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing loads in shallow and intermediate liquid conditions are investigated numerically. The interaction between the highly nonlinear free surface flow and a large number of small stiffeners is modeled based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit method. 2D models of a rectangular clean tank and tanks with small sidewalls or bottom stiffeners are considered. For filling ratios ranging from 5% to 20%, harmonic angular motions with periods around the analytical sloshing resonant ones are applied. Simulation snapshots and computed pressure time series, pressure variation, wave run-up, maximum fluid velocity, and kinetic energy were provided to clarify the complex interaction between the small baffles and the shallow free surface flow. As a result, except for the tanks with bottom stiffeners in shallow liquid conditions, in which the response under actual resonant frequency should be considered, the response computed using the clean tank excited by its resonant period can be adopted as a conservative estimation for the sloshing loads of actual tanks with small stiffeners.     

Transit network design for small-medium size cities

This paper proposes a novel heuristic to solve the network design problem for public transport in small-medium size cities. Such cities can be defined as those with a diameter of a few kilometers with up to a few hundred thousand residents. These urban centers present a specific spatial configuration affecting the land use and mobility system. Transportation demand is widespread in origin and concentrated in a small number of attraction points close to each other. This particular structure of demand (‘many-to-few’) suggests the need for specific methodologies for the design of a transit system at a network level. In this paper, such design methodologies are defined in terms of models and solution procedures and tested on a selected case study. The solution methods show promising results. The key variables of the model are the routes and their frequencies. The constraints of the problem affect the overall demand to be served, the quality of the proposed service (transfer, load factors) and the definition of routes.