田湾核电站扩建工程取水明渠导流堤优化设计

取水工程为核电厂重要构筑物,按照较高的核电标准设计往往断面较大,在保证取水安全的前提下,分析不同工程的使用要求,有针对性的的进行优化设计,可降低工程造价。以田湾核电取水工程为例,分析优化设计过程,供类似工程参考。     

在役丁烯-1球罐声发射检测

为确保在役丁烯-1球罐的使用安全性,制定了以声发射检测为主的检验方案。在球罐外表面布置50只传感器,采用2次加压循环过程对在役丁烯-1球罐进行声发射检测,仪器自动记录各加载阶段出现的数据信号并进行定位计算。通过对声发射源进行强度和活性分析,未发现活性声发射源信号,综合声发射检测结果和使用情况,该球罐安全状况良好,可继续使用。同时为保证使用安全,建议在使用期间做好年度检查工作,在适当时机开罐进行全面检验。     

A fuzzy stochastic approach to the multicriteria selection of an aircraft for regional chartering

This article deals with the problem of decision support for the selection of an aircraft. This is a problem faced by an airline company that is investing in regional charter flights in Brazil. The company belongs to an economic group whose core business is logistics. The problem has eight alternatives to be evaluated under 11 different criteria, whose measurements can be exact, stochastic, or fuzzy. The technique chosen for analyzing and then finding a solution to the problem is the multicriteria decision aiding method named NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments). The method used allows tackling the problems by working with quantitative as well as qualitative criteria under uncertainty and imprecision. Another considerable advantage of NAIADE over other multicriteria methods relies in its characteristics of not requiring a prior definition of the weights by the decision maker. As a conclusion, it can be said that the use of NAIADE provided for consistent results to that aircraft selection problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盐穴天然气地下储气库运行过程的关键技术问题

在具有岩盐矿床地质构造的地区,将天然气储存在地下含盐岩层内,实现在短期内提供高容量的储备,是目前各国普遍采用的方法。结合国外相关技术文献及部分研究成果,对盐穴储库运行过程的关键技术问题,主要包括:如何在运行过程减少溶腔的收敛性,防止水化物的形成,溶腔建腔过程形成的冷带和残留盐水对运行过程的影响;垫层气技术、运行的稳定性及注采循环中应注意的问题。文中分别进行了较详细的论述,为今后国内盐穴储库的运行研究提供依据和技术支持。     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

高寒隧道保温设计研究及热工计算方法初探

目前国内高寒隧道研究成果还不能完全满足隧道设计要求,文章借鉴我国建设部房建行业和日本国铁的研究成果,提出了适用于季节性冻土隧道洞口保温段长度、衬砌保温及水沟保温的设计计算方法。     

高速公路建设单位与沿线农村党组织联建的探索

文章从河池至都安高速公路创新建设单位与沿线农村党组织联建模式的角度出发,分析了创新高速公路建设单位与沿线农村党组织联建模式的动因、作用、意义及影响因素等,对高速公路建设单位与沿线农村党组织结对共建新模式和构建和谐的村企关系进行了探索。     

Toxic air pollutants and trucking productivity in the US

This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector.     

寒区公路隧道温度场及保温层的研究

随着寒区公路隧道的不断增多,寒区隧道的保温问题也受到广泛重视。为了分析计算此类隧道施工过程中的温度场,验证寒区隧道保温设计的必要性,确定保温设计的经济性和有效性,文章以某市西山隧道为背景,结合东北冻土的热力性质特点,利用大型有限元计算程序Ansys,对寒区隧道进行了模拟分析,并且将计算的理论数据与实际测定的数据进行对比,分析隧道开挖后围岩温度场的分布、初期支护以及二次衬砌的温度变化过程,对隧道保温效果进行评定。数据对比表明,将保温层设置在二次衬砌外侧是比较合理的,但在东北寒区,对于断面半径达7m的大断面隧道,仅使用40 mm厚的PU硬质聚氨酯泡沫板作为保温材料是不合理的。为使设计经济合理,保温材料在径向上可以采用不同的厚度。