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101.
Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana Condeço-MelhoradoJavier Gutiérrez Juan Carlos García-Palomares 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(3):185-203
Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion. 相似文献
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在随机利率情况下,利用鞅方法研究了外汇欧式期权的定价问题,得到了欧式期权(看涨和看跌)价格的解析表达式,及其评价关系.文中考虑了期权的对冲问题及本国和外国利率波动的非零相关性,本国和外国利率波动对汇率波动的影响. 相似文献
105.
城际客流具有时段分布不均衡特点,表现为高峰时段一票难求而低峰时段客座率低。为均衡客流、提高城际高铁收益,选取客运通道内不同时段车次进行差别定价。考虑旅客选择行为的差异性和有限理性,采用潜在类别分析对旅客进行分类,选取票价和时段价值两个影响因素,
建立双参照点的旅客平行车次产品效用模型,以累积前景值刻画异质旅客对平行车次的出行效用。基于累积前景值构建以铁路企业收益最大,旅客广义出行费用最小的分时定价双层规划模型,设计基于灵敏度分析的启发式算法求解。最后以南宁-北海为例对高峰、非高峰时段平行列车进行实例分析,结果表明,本文提出的分时定价方法能提升收益约2.5%,且高峰、非高峰时段的客流更加均衡。 相似文献
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The city of San Francisco is undertaking a large-scale controlled parking pricing experiment. San Francisco has adopted a performance goal of 60–80% occupancy for its metered parking. The goal represents an heuristic performance measure intended to reduce double parking and cruising for parking, and improve the driver experience; it follows a wave of academic and policy literature that calls for adjusting on-street parking prices to achieve similar occupancy targets. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between occupancy rules and metrics of direct policy interest, such as the probability of finding a parking space and the amount of cruising. We show how cruising and arrival rates can be simulated or estimated from hourly occupancy data. Further, we evaluate the impacts of the first two years of the San Francisco program, and conclude that rate changes have helped achieve the City’s occupancy goal and reduced cruising by 50%. 相似文献
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鉴于信号图形信息化档案管理系统已经成为电务段履历簿管理的常用工具,使用中可能会遇到一些问题。现介绍双线轨道电路图的制作要求及电缆径路图的制作方法,讨论关键制图环节的处理方法,供大家参考。 相似文献
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As governments seek to transition to more efficient vehicle fleets, one strategy has been to incentivize ‘green’ vehicle choice by exempting some of these vehicles from road user charges. As an example, to stimulate sales of energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in Sweden, some of these automobiles were exempted from Stockholm’s congestion tax. In this paper the effect this policy had on the demand for new, privately-owned, exempt EEVs is assessed by first estimating a model of vehicle choice and then by applying this model to simulate vehicle alternative market shares under different policy scenarios. The database used to calibrate the model includes owner-specific demographics merged with vehicle registry data for all new private vehicles registered in Stockholm County during 2008. Characteristics of individuals with a higher propensity to purchase an exempt EEV were identified. The most significant factors included intra-cordon residency (positive), distance from home to the CBD (negative), and commuting across the cordon (positive). By calculating vehicle shares from the vehicle choice model and then comparing these estimates to a simulated scenario where the congestion tax exemption was inactive, the exemption was estimated to have substantially increased the share of newly purchased, private, exempt EEVs in Stockholm by 1.8% (±0.3%; 95% C.I.) to a total share of 18.8%. This amounts to an estimated 10.7% increase in private, exempt EEV purchases during 2008, i.e., 519 privately owned, exempt EEVs. 相似文献
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随着高压不对称脉冲轨道电路的发展,迫切需要能够采集脉冲信号的轨道电路监测设备。基于TMS320VC33-120处理器,提出一种适用于高压不对称脉冲轨道电路的分线采集器。从硬件方案与软件设计两方面,详细介绍该设备的设计原理。测试结果表明,该设备能同时实现对高压不对称轨道电路送端、受端移频信号电压、载频、低频以及脉冲信号信息的采集,采集精度等各项指标基本符合要求。 相似文献
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为分析用DSC吸热峰的何种特征值来表征沥青的感温性能,对DSC吸热峰能量值、峰宽度值、峰值温度和针入度指数、针入度粘度指数的相关性进行分析,得出结论:DSC吸热峰能量值和峰宽度值与针入度指数和针入度粘度指数都具有良好的相关性,吸热峰能量值和峰宽度值可以用来表征沥青的温度敏感性。 相似文献