反渗透海水淡化用海水泵的研究与发展现状

海水淡化是人类解决淡水缺乏的必然途径,反渗透海水淡化适应性宽,无论大、中、小规模,还是海水或苦咸水都适用,是近20年发展最快的海水淡化技术,本文主要介绍反渗透海水淡化系统中的关键部件-海水泵的国内外研究、应用与发展现状,分析探讨了海水泵的关键技术问题.     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part II: Numerical simulations

This paper presents a global ocean implementation of a multi-component model of marine pelagic biogeochemistry coupled on-line with an ocean general circulation model forced with climatological surface fields (PELAgic biogeochemistry for Global Ocean Simulations, PELAGOS). The final objective is the inclusion of this model as a component in an Earth System model for climate studies. The pelagic model is based on a functional stoichiometric representation of marine biogeochemical cycles and allows simulating the dynamics of C, N, P, Si, O and Fe taking into account the variation of their elemental ratios in the functional groups. The model also includes a parameterization of variable chlorophyll/carbon ratio in phytoplankton, carrying chl as a prognostic variable. The first part of the paper analyzes the contribution of non-local advective–diffusive terms and local vertical processes to the simulated chl distributions. The comparison of the three experiments shows that the mean chl distribution at higher latitudes is largely determined by mixing processes, while vertical advection controls the distribution in the equatorial upwelling regions. Horizontal advective and diffusive processes are necessary mechanisms for the shape of chl distribution in the sub-tropical Pacific. In the second part, the results have been compared with existing datasets of satellite-derived chlorophyll, surface nutrients, estimates of phytoplankton community composition and primary production data. The agreement is reasonable both in terms of the spatial distribution of annual means and of the seasonal variability in different dynamical oceanographic regions. Results indicate that some of the model biases in chl and surface nutrients distributions can be related to deficiencies in the simulation of physical processes such as advection and mixing. Other discrepancies are attributed to inadequate parameterizations of phytoplankton functional groups. The model has skill in reproducing the overall distribution of large and small phytoplankton but tends to underestimate diatoms in the northern higher latitudes and overestimate nanophytoplankton with respect to picoautotrophs in oligotrophic regions. The performance of the model is discussed in the context of its use in climate studies and an approach for improving the parameterization of functional groups in deterministic models is outlined.     

回流区水流运动三维数值模拟

建立了三维有限元水流模型,模型中采用了高分辨率计算格式。依此模型计算了突扩引起的回流,获得的掺混区流速分布和回流区固定点水位、流速非恒定过程与实测结果基本一致。     

岩溶地区桥梁桩基施工措施

结合工程实践,介绍在岩溶地区桥梁冲孔灌注桩施工过程中遇到的常见问题及相应的处理措施,具有较好的借鉴价值。     

大功率整流器换流问题研究

理论上分析了大功率整流电路换流过渡过程，分析了换流过电压、关断功率与阻尼电路参数间的相互关系，提出换流过电压和关断功率的计算方法与计算公式，进一步探讨了如何合理配置阻尼保护电路参数。特别指出在大电流瞬时关断功率比换流过电压具有更大的危害性。为消除元件在换流过程中的关断损坏，还推荐一种改进型整流电路。     

反渗透技术在高氟苦咸水处理中的应用

通过小型试验 ,研究反渗透技术用于处理高氟苦咸水的可行性 ,介绍运用优选组合进行膜元件结构的设计及全方位建立控制膜污染的条件 ,最终完成反渗透规模化、区域化、集中式处理高氟苦咸水的设计、施工与运行     

基于逆向重力模型的枢纽机场旅客吞吐量估计方法

为了利用航空OD客流数据精确估计机场旅客吞吐量,描述了全连通线性航线网络和枢纽辐射航线网络,根据枢纽机场之间的OD客流矩阵,建立了逆向重力模型标准代数算法和基于哈密顿图原理的简化代数算法,分析了在不同距离修正指数下,算法的拟合与估计精度。分析结果表明:简化代数算法与模型标准代数算法最优吞吐量回归直线的可决系数都为0.84,斜率分别为0.91和0.87,比较接近。可见算法的拟合效果优良,估计精度高,且简化代数算法需要的数据少,尤其适合大规模OD矩阵分析。     

依靠技术攻关运用科学管理控制大体积混凝土施工裂纹

论述大体积混凝土裂纹产生的机理及控制措施。     

后压浆技术在冲击钻机成孔桩中的应用

结合秦皇岛港煤炭综合楼基础灌注桩试验桩工程,阐述了后压浆工艺及加固机理。工程结果表明,在适宜选用传统冲击钻机成孔的地质条件下,采用后压浆技术与冲击钻机成孔相结合的施工方法能有效地解决孔底沉渣量过大的难题,减少沉降量,提高基桩承载力。