横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析

采用3维定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,结合RNGk-ε湍流模型,利用多重参考系法,对横向风作用下ICE高速列车在日本屋代南桥上运行的绕流进行分析。结果表明:列车风对流场的影响主要表现在对列车表面附近、桥面、挡风墙间的局部流场的影响;列车运行时对头部、尾部附近的空气有排挤、拖曳作用;列车尾部靠迎风侧有一个很强的旋涡;列车风对列车中部附近流场的影响很小,对列车的阻力、横向力、升力、摇头力矩影响较大;列车风的作用使整个列车产生一种向上提升和沿横风向摇头的作用,列车风对列车附近区域桥梁的气动力有明显影响。     

双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术概述

文中简要介绍了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的基本结构和运行原理,对双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术进行了概述,其中包括交流励磁电路拓扑、控制策略、并网控制,展望了双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术的发展趋势.     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

缸套-活塞环三维润滑状态模拟分析

以发动机缸套-活塞环摩擦副为对象,研究润滑表面粗糙度、润滑油的变黏度效应以及气缸套圆周方向的形变等因素对润滑状态的影响。运用三维瞬态平均Reynolds方程与微凸体接触模型,建立缸套-活塞环三维瞬态动压润滑模型,并使用Fortran语言编制了润滑状态计算程序,得出行程内的最小油膜厚度、压力分布、摩擦力等曲线。结合实际工况对计算结果进行分析,表明在活塞环圆周方向上的油膜压力及油膜厚度分布都是不均匀的,有明显变化;在压缩冲程上止点附近,微凸体摩擦力数倍于流体摩擦力,是引起摩擦磨损的主要原因。     

强侧风对高速列车运行安全性影响研究

在列车空气动力学和系统动力学相结合的基础上完成了相关研究工作。论文首先在研究列车受侧向风力的气动力特性基础上,利用流体力学计算软件FLUENT进行数值计算,得到不同侧风风速和列车车速下作用于车体的侧风载荷值;接着,利用所建立的高速列车动力学模型,将得到的风载荷值作为外加载荷作用于列车,研究了侧向风速对直线运行列车运行安全性的影响特性;最后,参照高速列车运行安全性相关限定标准,提出不同侧风风速下高速列车的最高安全运行速度,为特殊风环境下我国时速200 km/h及以上动车组安全运行提供理论依据。     

横风作用下敞车的气动性能研究

以C64型敞车为原型车,利用二维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法,对横风作用下静止的无导流板满载敞车、无导流板空敞车、有导流板空敞车的气动力进行数值模拟计算。计算结果表明:当横风速度在20.7~46.1 m.s-1时,气动力系数的变化幅度不大,可近似作为常数来对待。在20.7 m.s-1的横风速度下,满载敞车所受侧向力小于空敞车,而升力和倾覆力矩则有所增加,因此敞车装载情况对横风作用下敞车受到的气动力有比较大的影响。敞车侧墙加装导流板后,所受到的气动力没有明显变化。     

铁路防风栅抗风性能风洞试验研究与分析

防风栅可降低铁道车辆在横风作用下铁道车辆所受的气动力,其抗风性能受许多因素影响。针对这一问题,根据日本对防风栅、车辆、线路等组合进行一系列风洞模型试验,以及得到的试验数据,分普通型防风栅与新型防风栅情况,对防风栅降低铁道车辆所受气动侧向力的抗风性能的主要影响因素,以及防风栅实际应用情况等进行分析和讨论,最后根据国内对防风栅研究与应用的现状提出相关建议。     

高速列车风对附近人体的气动作用影响

采用计算流体力学的数值方法和移动网格模拟计算方法,研究3种车头形状、从200 km.h-1到350 km.h-1的4种车速、从1.0 m到3.5 m的5种人车距离条件下列车风对人体气动作用力和人体附近列车风速度大小的影响,提出列车风对人体最大水平作用力计算关系式和人体附近最大列车风速计算关系式、以及高速列车附近人体安全距离的建议值。计算结果表明:列车风对附近人体产生的作用力因车头(尾)形状不同而差别很大,车头形状越钝,列车风对附近人体产生的作用力越大,完全钝型与充分流线型车头相比,在车速350km.h-1、人车距离1 m时列车风产生的作用力可相差7倍以上;不同车头形状产生的列车风对附近人体的作用力,其差别随人车距离的增大而减小,大致呈二次方函数规律变化;不同条件下车头(尾)通过时列车风对附近人体的水平作用力方向的变化趋势基本相同,作用力方向角变化约300°。     

轴向变量柱塞泵斜盘力矩的研究

利用MATLAB Simulink对轴向柱塞变量泵斜盘力矩进行建模,比较分析不同结构的配油盘对斜盘力矩的影响,采用非对称有减振槽(或孔)的配流盘可以获得较小的斜盘力矩.当配流盘偏转角达到一定角度时,斜盘力矩不再为正负交替变化的波形,有利于泵的寿命的提高和噪声的降低.