鱼雷攻击潜艇的毁伤效果评估模型研究

客观、准确地评价鱼雷攻击潜艇的毁伤效果是鱼雷与潜艇对抗的最后一环,也是评价鱼雷武器系统作战效能的重要指标。本文在现有毁伤概率计算方法的基础上引进了舱段的毁伤程度、要害指数、命中概率、毁伤效果累积系数和齐射毁伤系数等参数,建立了一种比较全面的用来评价鱼雷攻击潜艇毁伤效果的数学模型,并给出了典型应用。     

舰船防污染技术新进展

介绍了舰船防污染领域中生活污水处理技术,灰水处理技术、油污水处理技术的现状,对现有船舶污水处理装置存在的问题进行了分析,论述了船舶污水处理技术的发展趋势．     

Efficiency evaluation and PM emission reallocation of China ports based on improved DEA models

The emission of particulate matter (PM) and other atmospheric pollutants in port operations and shipping have caused a huge negative impact on the environment. Consequently, how to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports and put forward corresponding countermeasures on this basis is becoming a more important issue than ever before from the perspectives of the government, academia, and society. We construct three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports under the circumstances of environmental control, non-environmental control and PM emission through inter-ports cooperation. The innovation of the DEA models constructed in this paper lies in: (1) Setting environmental control parameters to uniformly manipulate the situations of environmental control and non-environmental control, etc.; (2) Allowing non-equal proportional change of input index, expected output and non-expected output index; (3) Setting preference coefficients for ports to admit favorable decisions; (4) Providing a distance formula of expected output for PM emission reallocation. Further, data from 11 major ports in China are collected to compare the expected output under different PM emission standards assuming the situation of environmental control and non-environmental control, port cooperation, and non-cooperative sewage discharge. The empirical results show that: (1) Ports in the eastern China (Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing) have higher port efficiency; (2) Port cooperation can improve the overall expected output but it will lose its edge with the improvement of PM emission standards. (3) Ports follow the same trend of output loss regardless of favorable decisions. In the end, the author makes a summary, puts forward relevant policy suggestions and makes the recommendation for future research.     

城市交通相关空气污染健康风险研究综述

交通空气污染问题作为交通问题重要部分,因危及到人体健康而越发受到人们的重视。文章将对近年来关于交通空气污染对人体健康影响的相关研究进行综述,并从不同交通空气污染物导致的相关疾病及其与特定污染物暴露研究方法分析介绍,从而更为系统全面了解地交通相关空气污染物作用于人体相关生物机理,为交通相关空气污染控制与防护提供科学依据。     

基于TruckSim的客车行驶安全因素研究

一些行驶的车辆在一些紧急情况下可能会因为驾驶员对路面情况判断失误而导致交通事故的发生,客车相对于一些小型车辆来说重心高,稳定性相对较低,在路面上行驶安全性也相对较低,可能会出现侧滑、甩尾现象。文章研究客车行驶的稳定性,通过TruckSim软件对客车进行建模仿真,得到客车在不同道路条件路面上行驶时的试验性能曲线,分析影响客车的安全因素,有助于帮助驾驶员在安全地行驶速度下运行,提高客车安全性。     

半刚性基层与沥青面层粘结性能影响因素

借鉴国外LPDS剪切试验方法,通过自行设计的室内直剪试验和斜剪试验,以剪切强度和单位剪切强度(剪切强度与破坏变形的商)作为评价指标,研究了沥青混合料、粘层材料、半刚性基层材料、沥青混合料与粘层材料的界面、粘层材料与半刚性基层的界面对沥青面层和半刚性基层之间抗剪切强度的影响。分析结果表明:提高沥青混合料公称最大粒径和压实度将有利于增强层间粘结性;高强度、粗糙、密实型的半刚性材料也将有效改善基层与沥青面层的粘结性;粘度不是选择粘层材料的主要因素,应结合工程实际,通过试验选择粘层材料的品种与剂量;基层表面清理是提高层间粘结性的重要措施,透层油应在基层清理后撒布,剂量宜为0.3~0.6 L.m-2;在层间热沥青上撒布一定的单一粒径,较粗规格,且与沥青粘附性较好的碱性碎石不仅具有工程意义,对提高层间粘结水平也有较明显作用。     

不同因素对潜堤波浪传播的影响

针对波浪穿过梯形潜堤时的波浪形态沿程变化问题,以梯形潜堤为研究对象,通过二维水槽试验,研究梯形潜堤上规则波的传播特征。以比波高为参数分析不同波浪要素(波高、周期和水深等)对波浪传播变形的影响。试验结果表明,其他条件不变时,入射波高越大、波浪周期越小、堤顶淹没水深越小时,波高在潜堤上方衰减越明显。在有足够水深,且波高较小时,波浪对潜堤均有良好的穿透性;波高较大时,波浪在潜堤上部发生破碎,波浪穿过潜堤后波高衰减,此时潜堤的消波作用明显;在波浪不发生破碎情况下,较长周期波浪在潜堤顶部比波高增大,且出现双峰值。     

船体板格极限强度数值计算影响因素及敏感分析

船体板格极限强度的有限元计算方法应用广泛,但其计算方法具有一定的不稳定性,计算结果受多种因素的影响.本文针对船体板格有限元计算方法的不稳定性进行研究,通过将有限元计算结果与其他学者的研究成果进行对比,验证本文所采用的有限元方法的可靠性,然后针对板格材料、初始缺陷、网格密度、边界条件等几种因素的敏感性进行具体研究,发现理想应力应变关系会使得结果偏于危险.网格形状和网格密度对于结果均有影响,边界条件对于有限元结果有影响,最大误差在7.2%,并且模型3会使得结果偏于危险.初始缺陷是一敏感因素,最大误差在20%,因此需要根据实际缺陷选取合适的屈曲模态和比例因子.     

Empirical analysis of short period traffic counts and their efficiency: the case of Indian traffic

Short period traffic counts (SPTCs) are conducted routinely to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) at a particular site. This paper uses Indian traffic volume data to methodically and extensively study the effect of four aspects related to the design of SPTCs. These four aspects are: (i) for how long, (ii) on which days should SPTCs be carried out, (iii) how many times, and (iv) on which months should SPTCs be carried out? The analyses indicate that the best durations for conducting SPTCs are 3 days (starting with a Thursday) and 7 days, for total traffic and truck traffic, respectively. Further, these counts should be repeated twice a year keeping a separation of two months between the counts to obtain good estimates of AADT at minimal cost. An additional outcome of this study has been the determination of seasonal factor values for roads in developing economies, like India.     

弹道导弹预警系统作战效能扰动因素分析及对策

从弹道导弹预警系统作战效能衡量的四个标准入手,分析了扰动弹道导弹预警系统作战效能的诸多因素,提出了相应对策,为充分发挥弹道导弹预警系统作战效能提供了对策依据。