人工冻土冻结过程分析及冻结管布置间距的计算

为确定在冻土冻结过程中冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系,将人工冻土冻结过程拆分为土体表面的热散失和冻结管的冻结2个过程,并以热势能及热势能耗散过程中的平衡方程分析上述关系。为确定冻结管间距的合理取值,引入热势能理论并计算当量热阻,建立在多个冻结管影响下微元体的冻结时间方程,提出一种在多个冻结管作用下冻结影响范围与冻结时间的关系的计算方法及冻结管布置间距的确定方法。通过实例分析了人工冻土厚度的计算方法,以数值模拟方法比较了不同冻结管布置对冻结时间的影响。上述研究成果深化了人工冻土理论研究与实际应用之间的关系。     

滚石运动模拟分析与危险性评价

随着公路在山区的建设和使用,危岩体不断地威胁着公路的安全使用。以茂县渭门乡危岩体为例,运用Rockfall软件对滚石的运动轨迹、冲击动能进行模拟,并通过赫兹碰撞理论、质点弹性理论接触问题两种计算方法,分析和求解滚石对行车的最大冲击力;从而得到滚石下落的落点区域主要集中在公路上、滚石下落到公路区域时的动能以及滚石撞击汽车时最大冲击力,综合判定危岩体对公路安全使用造成的危害,必须采取有效措施加以防治,确保安全。     

三主桁三索面斜拉桥索力横向分配计算简化

利用势能极小值原理推导简化的三主桁三索面结构在对称荷载作用下的索力表达式,将其计算结果与有限元计算结果进行对比,阐述其横向受力原理,总结三主桁三索面斜拉桥在对称荷载作用下索力的横向分配规律.分析结果表明,三主桁三索面斜拉桥边索、中索索力不是简单的3倍或者2倍左右的关系,其差异随拉索刚度、主梁横向联接体系刚度、节点刚度等因素变化.     

A NEW MODEL AND IMPROVED CABLE FUNCTION FOR REPRESENTING THE ACTIVATING PERIPHERAL NERVES BY A TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC FIELD DURING MAGNETIC STIMULATION

Theclassiccableequationhasbeenusedtore presenttheexcitationoflongandstraightperipheral nervesinanelectricfield.Itpredictsthatexcitation occursnearthemaximumofthenegativefirstspa tialgradient-E'‖=- Ex/ xinthedirectionofan x axialfiber[1],whichisinagreem…     

Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country

Since 2012, the government has been promoting the electric vehicles and the development of related infrastructure to encourage local automakers to explore into the alternatively powered vehicles. However, the benefits of grid-dependent EVs can only be harvested under the condition that their use is coupled with a low carbon electricity grid. Thus, it is an additional challenge for Malaysia's that are largely dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation. The object of this paper is to perform a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions attributable to the usage of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs in Malaysian scenario. These emission calculations will provide the best information for policymakers, researchers, and investors to make appropriate and effective decisions on policies, research and investments in future transport energy. The results show that running EVs with national grid will produce an average of 7% more GHG emissions than HEVs at the same distance. However, they will produce an average of 19% less GHG emissions than the ICEVs. Overall the GHG emissions produced through the usage of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis, as the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the national grid. Therefore, in order to harvest the benefit of EVs towards climate change and global warming mitigation, massive modernization and transformation should be taken for the development of the national grid towards greener sources.     

港口工程事故隐患分级的探讨

我国目前尚未制定港口工程事故隐患分级的相关规定或标准,人们对港口工程事故隐患的分级没有统一的认识,差异很大。为此,对我国事故隐患分级的有关规定和研究现状进行剖析,结合我国港口工程安全生产的特点,提出对港口工程事故隐患分级的思考。     

基于有势力系的振动机械设计节能原理

针对振动机械的节能问题,根据振动机械在起动阶段功率消耗最大和主要受有势力的特征,由质点系动能定理的微分形式证明得出当作用于振动机械上的有势力为平衡力系、平衡状态力系等条件时,维持振动机械正常工作运动所需输入的功率将会降低的基本原理。并且,以振动机械实例验证说明运用该原理确有良好的节能效果,为振动机械设计节能的研究奠定理论基础,对机械设计节能基本原理作以补充。     

钢电极检测土壤电位梯度的实验研究

文中研究用钢制电极测量土壤中杂散电流形成的电位梯度的可行性。设计了室内模拟装置：在水池内放置排列的钢电极和可控制干扰电场。实验研究干扰电场方向、强度和钢电极间距等对测量电位梯度的影响。此外，还验证了电位梯度计算公式，并讨论钢电极电位波动造成误差的影响。     

What is the market potential of plug-in electric vehicles as commercial passenger cars? A case study from Germany

Commercial passenger cars are a possible early market segment for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Compared to privately owned vehicles, the commercial vehicle segment is characterized by higher mileage and a higher share of vehicle sales in Germany. To this point, there are only few studies which analyze the commercial passenger car sector and arrive at contradictory results due to insufficient driving profile data with an observation period of only one day. Here, we calculate the market potential of PEVs for the German commercial passenger car sector by determining the technical and economical potential for PEVs in 2020 from multi-day driving profiles. We find that commercial vehicles are better suited for PEVs than private ones since they show higher average annual mileage and drive more regularly. About 87% of the analyzed three-week vehicle profiles can technically be fulfilled by battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with an electric driving range of about 110 km while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with an electric range of 40 km could obtain an electric driving share of 60% on average. In moderate energy price scenarios, PEVs can reach a market share of 2–4% in the German commercial passenger car sales by 2020 and especially the large commercial branches (Trade, Manufacturing, Administrative services and Other services) are important. However, our analysis shows a high sensitivity of results to energy and battery prices as well as electric consumptions.     

Multiple USV cooperative algorithm method for hunting intelligent escaped targets北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对无人艇协同围捕过程中逃跑目标具备智能性,现有无人艇策略难以围捕成功的问题,提出一种基于双层切换策略的多无人艇协同围捕算法。[方法]第1层围捕策略采用改进势点法,以无人艇与势点的总直线距离最小为优化目标,采用匈牙利算法为无人艇动态分配势点,并采用人工势场法实现无人艇的协同避碰;第2层围捕策略利用了阿波罗尼奥斯圆的性质,在两艘无人艇前往逃跑目标的目标点进行拦截,剩余无人艇运动方向保持与逃跑目标相同,以不断缩紧包围区域;为应对逃跑目标不同的逃跑方式,第1层围捕策略和第2层围捕策略可互相转化。[结果]仿真实验表明,该算法相较于顺序分配势点算法和极角分配势点算法,围捕时间更少或持平,证明了该算法的有效性和先进性。[结论]该多无人艇协同双层围捕算法,对具备典型智能性的逃跑目标具有围捕效果。