考虑车体弹性效应的铁道客车系统振动分析

建立了铁道客车垂向振动系统数学模型。将车体看成两端自由的均质等截面欧拉梁,并考虑二系悬挂采用半主动减振器,导出客车系统的运动微分方程组,给出客车系统各模态共振速度的定义和计算公式。共振速度是车辆系统的固有属性,车体弹性振动各模态共振速度由车体的自振频率和车辆定距决定。计算车体一阶和二阶弯曲振动共振速度及对应的轨道波长,进行了客车系统在轨道简谐输入情况下的幅频特性分析和随机输入情况下的随机响应分析。通过计算可知,为了减小车体垂向共振峰值,车体一阶弯曲自振频率应尽量离开构架的浮沉自振频率;由于车体弹性振动的影响,车体端部的振动加速度和位移要大于中部,弹性车体模型的平稳性指标大于刚性车体;采用半主动减振器能够显著降低车体的加速度、位移和平稳性指标,但会使构架的加速度和位移有所增大。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

主冷却剂泵变频调速方案可行性研究

从提高核动力装置安全性的角度出发，通过对变频调速技术及两种方案的对比计算研究，从理论上论证了主冷却剂泵采取变频调速方案的优点和可行性.     

动力吸振器在轿车低频轰鸣声控制中的应用

针对某试验车后排右侧乘员处低频轰鸣声的特性及传递路径灵敏度进行了分析,确定发动机的2阶振动是该低频轰鸣声的主要贡献,是通过发动机的后悬置点传递到车身而引起的。提出了安装动力吸振器来减小发动机后悬置点处对振动传递的方法,并通过锤击试验和整车道路模拟试验表明,在该车前副车架后悬置点处安装动力吸振器,能够有效抑制其发动机转速为2 040 r/min时后排产生的低频轰鸣声。     

基于跳频技术的反恐排爆机器人通信系统设计

针对反恐排爆任务的特殊性以及固定载波频率的无线通信系统在数据发射和接收过程中,信息易受到干扰、破坏、截获等导致丢失的问题,设计了一种基于STM32和nRF905的低成本低功耗的反恐排爆机器人跳频通信系统。文中给出了系统的软硬件设计及实现方法,描述了软件跳频协议的实现方式,设计了软件跳频协议来提高系统在同频干扰下的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明:通信收发双方在1000 m的范围内,该系统可以有效地避免同频干扰,提高系统传输的可靠性。     

Nonlinear hydrodynamic responses of submerged moving payload in vicinity of a crane barge in waves

The wave interaction with a submerged cylindrical payload subjected to constrained motions in presence of a nearby floating crane barge is investigated in the three-dimensional numerical wave tank using a fully nonlinear potential flow model in the time domain. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic features of this submerged payload under pendulum motion in water waves as well as while it moves towards the sea bed at a constant vertical velocity. It is known that the presence of multiple side by side floating bodies in waves can create significant drift motion. In the present study the similar drift motion is observed for the side by side floating barge and submerged payload and it appears that the submerged payload under constrained motions may face a very large mean drift motion of nearly seven times that of the incident wave amplitude in the beam sea upstream condition. Emphasis is also given towards investigating and understanding the influences of natural frequency of the payload and shielding effect due to the presence of the floating barge. It is found that natural frequency coupled with shielding effect generates remarkable low frequency components in payload responses both in the head sea and the beam sea situations. The effect of different cable lengths, wave maker frequencies and downward moving velocities on payload responses under several geometric setups are studied and compared, and interesting features such as increased low frequency movement of the payload near the natural frequency region and existence of considerable low frequency motions even at a greater depth (while the payload is quite below the free surface) are observed.     

基于一种新型磁致负刚度结构的低频隔振系统分析与设计

为提高隔振系统对低频微振动的隔离能力,研究了一种新型三磁体负刚度结构,分析了该结构产生负刚度的原理。将三磁体负刚度结构与隔振系统并联使用,在不影响原隔振系统载荷性能的情况下可降低系统的固有频率。分析了隔振器刚度及磁体间初始间隙对并联系统刚度特性的影响,提出从稳定性和隔振性能两方面来进行低频隔振系统设计。     

大连大窑湾港湾振荡数值模拟研究

采用Boussinesq数值波浪模型,模拟得到大窑湾不同水域的固有频率。模拟了不规则波入射时全湾水面响应状况,结果表明:谱峰周期较小的不规则波入射大窑湾港内,经过一定长的时间,波能会在局部地区发生高频到低频的传递,从而诱发局部低频波动。外海波浪入射不会导致全湾水域整体振荡,但湾底及南岸小港池易发生局部水体振荡。采用减小边界反射系数的措施,可有效降低局部水域的波动幅度。     

采用混合材料的离心风机转子的模态分析

多级离心风机转子模态分析是其动力学分析的一个重要方面.采用UG建立离心风机转子的三维模型,运用非结构化网格对风机转子模型进行网格划分,利用ANSYS对其进行模态分析.分析并探讨了自由模态和约束模态两种状态下的固有频率和振型,获得了各阶频率对应的振型图.改变风机转子结构材料属性,比较了Q235材料、铸铝材料以及混合材料所对应转子模态的固有频率和振型的改变.文中所做研究解决了该型号离心风机设计时的共振问题,同时也为其它离心风机的设计与动力学分析提供了参考.