Findings from subjective evaluations and driver ratings of vehicle dynamics: steering and handling

This paper investigates subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle handling and steering feel tests, both numerical and verbal, to understand drivers’ use of judgement scales, rating tendencies and spread. Two different test methods are compared: a short multi-vehicle first-impression test with predefined-driving vs the standard extensive single-vehicle free-driving tests, both offering very similar results but with the former saving substantial testing time. Rating repeatability is evaluated by means of a blind test. Key SA questions are identified by numerical subjective assessment autocorrelations and by generating word clouds from the most used terms in verbal assessments, with both methods leading to similar key parameters. The results exposed in this paper enable better understanding of SA, allowing improving the overall subjective testing and evaluation process, and improving the data collection and analysis process needed before identifying correlations between SA and objective metrics.     

基于交互式多目标遗传算法的混凝土桥面板维修优化

为了保证桥梁结构安全,并使维修效果最好,研究了如何确定桥面板最佳维修策略的问题。建立了桥面板维修的多目标优化模型。提出一种基于交互式遗传算法的维修策略优化方法,通过非精确偏好信息引导遗传搜索,使种群朝着多个目标的最佳综合性能进化。引入适应值共享方法增加种群的多样性,最终获得符合决策者偏好的解集。并通过算例进行了分析验证。结果表明,基于交互式多目标遗传算法的混凝土桥面板维修优化方法可以在有限的桥梁维修资源和良好的维修效果之间进行折衷,不仅获得一组比较理想的维修方法组合,还可以考虑决策者的个人倾向,降低了维修策略的选择难度,为桥梁管理者提供了有力的决策支持。     

Choice of parking: Stated preference approach

Over recent years, parking policy has become a key element of transport policy in many countries. Parking policy measures can affect many different dimensions of travel behaviour but are likely to be most significant in terms of travellers' choice of parking type and location. This dimension of travel choice has, to date, received comparatively little attention, yet is of vital importance if we are to properly understand and predict the effects of parking policy measures.This paper presents two studies addressing this issue carried out in the United Kingdom and Germany. Both studies used a stated preference approach in order to collect disaggregate data on travellers responses to changes in parking attributes and used these data to build simple logit models of parking type choice. The studies were designed in order to allow comparable choice models to be estimated from the two datasets. The results obtained strongly indicate the need to separately identify the costs associated with different components of the parking activity (e.g., general in-vehicle time, parking search time, egress time) and also point to the existence of significant differences in the relative valuation of these components across different journey purposes. Where possible, the results of the choice modelling exercises are also compared with existing revealed and stated preference results and are found to be generally in line with prior expectations.     

TO PS IS 法在优选联合火力打击方案中的运用磁

联合火力打击方案的选取需要综合考虑各方面的因素,TOPSIS法可以通过计算,对于各个作战方案进行优选和排序,为联合火力打击作战指挥员选择方案、定下作战决心提供理论支持。     

《大学生创业基础》示范课程建设实践与探索

大学生创业教育已成为目前各高校面临的新课题.文章结合广西交通职业技术学院教学实践,以《大学生创业基础》示范课程的建设为突破口,提出了创业教育示范课程建设的思路与设想,探讨了专业教育与创业教育相匹配的方法,并评述了该示范课程建设的效果.     

PROPERTIES OF PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NEONATAL RAT RETINAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN VITRO

Objective To investigate the properties of proliferation and differentiation of neonatal rat retinal progenitor cells （RPCs） in vitro. Methods RPCs were isolated from neonatal SD rats neural retina and cultured in DMEM/F12 ＋ N2 with EGF and bFGF （suspension medium ） or 10 % FBS without EGF and bFGF （ differentiation medium）. The cells grew as suspended spheres or adherent monolayers, depending on different culture conditions. The neural stem cells or retinal progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, retinal ganglion cells, rod photoreceptors and the proliferating cells were evaluated with immunofluorescence analysis by Nestin or Pax6, Map2, GFAP, Thy-1, Rhodopsin and BrdU antibodies respectively. Results RPCs could propagate and differentiate in suspension or differentiation medium and express the markers of Nestin （92.86%） or Pax6 （86.75%）, Map2 （38.54%）, GFAP （20.93%）, Thy-1 （27. 66%） and Rhodopsin（13. 33%）in suspension medium; however, Nestin （60.27%）, Pax6 （52%）, Map2 （34.94%）, GFAP （38.17%）, Thy-1 （30.84%） and Rhodopsin （34.67%） in differentiation medium. 96.4 % of the population in the neurospheres was BrdU-positive cells. The cells could spontaneously adherent forming some subspheres and retinal specific cell types. Conclusion Neonatal rat RPCs possess the high degree of proliferation and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, retinal ganglion cells and rod photoreceptors in vitro. There are different proportions for RPCs to differentiate into specific cell types.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性及腺病毒介导的GFP标记

目的建立人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)分离、培养以及鉴定的方法,同时应用腺病毒介导的绿色荧光蛋白(Ad-GFP)检测细胞转染的效率。方法应用人淋巴细胞分离液(Ficoll)对hMSCs进行分离,经贴壁纯化后用MTT法检测增殖能力;并对其成骨、成脂、成平滑肌诱导分别进行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、油红O染色及α-SMA免疫细胞化学检测;采用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞表面标志的表达。用Ad-GFP转染,并应用荧光显微镜与FCM检测转染效率。结果 hMSCs镜下为成纤维样形态,约在第4天进入对数增长期;分化诱导后ALP染色、Von kossa银染、油红O染色以及α-SMA均为阳性;FCM检测CD14、CD31、CD45表达阴性,CD44、CD73、CD106及PDGFRβ表达阳性;当感染复数MOI=200,细胞培养48h时感染效率较高,FCM检测显示为99.81%。结论经过对增殖、分化能力以及表面标志的分析,证明用Ficoll可以分离得到较纯的hMSCs,Ad-GFP可以很好地感染细胞,为组织工程种子细胞的体内示踪提供了途径。     

基于GIS平台的地铁客流预测模型构建

借助GIS平台,对公交线网进行编码,并利用ArcGis的缓冲和叠加分析工具,建立公交站点和地铁站点的空间对应关系。根据调查得到的公交线路站间OD矩阵,利用地铁意向调查标定的参数结果,得到公交客流转移到地铁的比例。基于GIS平台构建的地铁客流预测模型,可以有效地提高建模速度,并能对公交线路调整进行快速反应。     

Passengers’ willingness to pay for airport ground access time savings

There are cases when passengers are willing to pay a premium to reduce the travel time, in particular when the trip has to be made. This paper aims to provide insight into factors that determine passengers’ willingness to pay to reduce travel time for their ground access to an airport. A methodology is developed that comprises two steps: the identification of the passengers with zero willingness to pay and from the rest the estimation of the additional price they are willing to pay to reduce their travel time. For the first step a Probit model was formulated and for the second a linear regression model. To this purpose, data has been collected employing stated preference from passengers at the Athens International Airport. It has been found that a high percentage of passengers have zero willingness to pay, and of the remaining ones those using public transport have a significant willingness to pay to reduce access travel time. The methodology and the models are structured in such a way that their transferability to any airport environment is possible, thus providing a useful tool for decisions relating to airport ground access measures.