Traffic flow consideration in design of freight distribution system

This study is part of a series of research projects on a distribution system we developed to deal with cases in a state-owned company. It concerns the design of the Public Service Obligation State-owned Company (PSO-SOC) distribution system. The intrinsic features of PSO-SOC are distributing strategic commodities and having subsidies within the cost function. Hence their distribution flow has to be secured under consideration of moving the commodities within road networks that have traffic flow dependency. This paper focuses on the solution of the proposed model which represents traffic flow dependency within a freight distribution network.The mathematical formulation takes the form of a Minimum Cost Multicommodity Flow (MCMF) problem. Traffic flow dependency is incorporated into the model by introducing a coefficient of speed, which is derived from the traffic assignment of ordinary traffic associated with the transportation of the type of freight under consideration The solution of the proposed model is formulated by Network Representation (NR), in which all of the components of the mathematical model are represented in the form of dummy links and nodes added to the original (physical) network. It is to be noted then, that the traffic flow on each road or link is represented by a link performance function (LPF), depicting traffic flow dependent travel time and consequent cost. The MCMF problem of NR is further solved by a Primal-Dual Algorithm.Finally, an illustrative example is exercised to show how the proposed step-wise solution works.     

基于灰色模糊综合评判的最优路径选择

驾驶员在车辆的行驶过程中起主导作用,不同的驾驶员有不同的偏好,同时,对道路也有不同的要求。根据驾驶员的偏好和路径选择要求,从6个方面进行考虑,运用灰色模糊综合评判方法为驾驶员进行最优路径选择。并通过实例证明该方法的有效性和适用性。     

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现实生活中,驾驶员往往依据自身偏好来选择路径,对不同的路径属性有不同的要求,且对其属性值存在一个可接受范围,而不是一个精确值. 本文对存在驾驶员偏好的最优路径选择问题进行了研究,提出了一种能够综合反映驾驶员偏好的最优路径选择方法. 首先基于可能度和区间数相离度的多属性决策方法,建立驾驶员偏好与路径属性总偏差最小的优化模型,并解出路径属性权重;其次算出各路径的综合属性值,建立路径间的可能度矩阵及其排序向量,据此选出最优路径;最后以算例进行验证,结果表明本文给出的路径选择方法具有很好的可行性和适用性.     

昆明市小汽车出行特性调查分析

“小汽车家庭化”给人们的生活带来极大的便利,家庭对小汽车的需求也极大地推动汽车工业及其它产业链的发展,但也带来一系列问题。依托昆明市小汽车出行特性的调查分析,旨在探索有效的小汽车出行行为分析方法,挖掘私人小汽车出行属性规律,为制定有效的私人小汽车管理措施,缓解昆明市城市交通拥挤提供重要参考依据。     

齐当别视觉下的出行方式偏好反转研究

在西南交大两校区校园交通车和119路公交的出行调查中发现,出行者对交通方式偏好和评价存在不一致的现象,并通过谨慎控制调查对偏好反转现象的存在进行了实证.在齐当别的视角下建立起选择支属性的维度判断体系进行匹配心理实验,检验结果发现匹配任务与偏好显著相关,齐当别理论能够对偏好反转现象进行解释.第2次实验通过改变任务顺序和选择支整体期望,验证了齐当别理论可对偏好进行预测,偏好选择是齐当别过程,而不是多维度整合过程.第3次实验通过2组风险场景下的对照,发现概率的引入并不必然提高决策度量水平,偏好反转现象也并非由于个体偏好真实发生了变化,而是由于偏好和评价是不同的策略过程,属性维度差的不同判断结果导致了偏好与评价的不一致.     

推动城市公共交通跨越式发展

为了促进"公交优先"战略的有效落实,尽快扭转"公交优先"战略"口号化"和"宣言化"的状况,提出观念转变是实现公共交通优先发展的核心问题,要认识到公交优先是普通百姓优先,是绿色交通优先,体现了社会公平的优先."公交优先"的关键是领导转变观念优先.优先发展公共交通要做好城市内部各种不同交通方式以及内部交通与外部交通的协同,力争体制创新、科技创新和管理模式创新,并保证公共交通设施用地安排优先、道路使用权优先、交通管制措施优先和公共财政转移优先.最后,提出落实公交优先战略的五项措施:推进大容量公交方式和公交枢纽建设;实行城市公共交通的经济补贴政策;落实"公共交通周"和"无车日"活动;继续实施和完善通过编制和实施综合交通体系规划来确保公交优先的检查、评估机制.     

An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas,US

In the US, the rise in motorized vehicle travel has contributed to serious societal, environmental, economic, and public health problems. These problems have increased the interest in encouraging non-motorized modes of travel (walking and bicycling). The current study contributes toward this objective by identifying and evaluating the importance of attributes influencing bicyclists’ route choice preferences. Specifically, the paper examines a comprehensive set of attributes that influence bicycle route choice, including: (1) bicyclists’ characteristics, (2) on-street parking, (3) bicycle facility type and amenities, (4) roadway physical characteristics, (5) roadway functional characteristics, and (6) roadway operational characteristics. The data used in the analysis is drawn from a web-based stated preference survey of Texas bicyclists. The results of the study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of both route-related attributes and bicyclists’ demographics in bicycle route choice decisions. The empirical results indicate that travel time (for commuters) and motorized traffic volume are the most important attributes in bicycle route choice. Other route attributes with a high impact include number of stop signs, red light, and cross-streets, speed limits, on-street parking characteristics, and whether there exists a continuous bicycle facility on the route.

考虑不对称性的地铁旅客支付及受偿意愿研究

支付意愿与受偿意愿是交通评价及服务水平优化的关键输入参数,但现有关于地铁系统的研究及实证多未考虑两者间的不对称性. 针对这一问题,依托成都地铁旅客路径选择SP 数据,基于非集计模型,构建并标定了对称同质偏好、不对称同质偏好、对称异质偏好、不对称异质偏好等异构模型;分别从个体及总体水平求解,对比换乘走行时间、换乘等待时间、换乘次数和拥挤乘车时间的支付意愿与受偿意愿. 结果表明,受偿意愿与支付意愿的不对称性在总体水平大小及个体间异质性方面皆有体现,参数分布假设对不对称异质偏好模型支付意愿与受偿意愿求解结果影响明显.     

Factors influencing the choice of shared bicycles and shared electric bikes in Beijing

China leads the world in both public bikeshare and private electric bike (e-bike) growth. Current trajectories indicate the viability of deploying large-scale shared e-bike (e-bikeshare) systems in China. We employ a stated preference survey and multinomial logit to model the factors influencing the choice to switch from an existing transportation mode to bikeshare or e-bikeshare in Beijing. Demand is influenced by distinct sets of factors: the bikeshare choice is most sensitive to measures of effort and comfort while the e-bikeshare choice is more sensitive to user heterogeneities. Bikeshare demand is strongly negatively impacted by trip distance, temperature, precipitation, and poor air quality. User demographics however do not factor strongly on the bikeshare choice, indicating the mode will draw users from across the social spectrum. The e-bikeshare choice is much more tolerant of trip distance, high temperatures and poor air quality, though precipitation is also a highly negative factor. User demographics do play a significant role in e-bikeshare demand. Analysis of impact to the existing transportation system finds that both bikeshare and e-bikeshare will tend to draw users away from the “unsheltered modes”, walk, bike, and e-bike. Although it is unclear if shared bikes are an attractive “first-and-last-mile solution”, it is clear that e-bikeshare is attractive as a bus replacement.     

Analyzing the preference for non-exclusive forms of telecommuting: Modeling and policy implications

This study examines three models of the individual's preference for home- and center-based telecommuting. Issues concerning the estimation of discrete models when the alternatives are non-exclusive are discussed. Two binary logit models are presented, one on the preference to telecommute from a center versus not telecommuting from a center (adjusted ² = 0.24), and the other on the preference to telecommute from a center over telecommuting from home (adjusted ² = 0.64). A nested logit model is also estimated on the following four alternatives: preferring not to telecommute, preferring either form of telecommuting, preferring to telecommute from home, and preferring to telecommute from a center (adjusted ² = 0.35).The results of the models illustrated the importance of attitudinal measures in measuring an individual's preference to telecommute. Oblique factor scores representing workplace interaction, stress, workaholism, internal control, and commute stress were statistically significant in some or all of the models. Other explanatory variables which were found to be consistently significant were education, job suitability, and age. Most respondents preferred either to telecommute from home or were indifferent between either form of telecommuting, which raises the question as to whether there really is a sizeable market niche to be filled by telecommuting centers, and hence whether they may make a significant contribution to transportation demand reduction.