Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

Mechanical properties of asphalt pavement structure in highway tunnel

A linear full 3D finite element method （FEM） was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles. The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer, the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer were calculated. The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight; asphalt layer thickness; base course stiffness modulus and thickness; and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.     

简易机场道面结构的疲劳特性试验

为了分析简易机场的合理道面结构,依托陕西西安、湖南耒阳的室内外试验段,利用直径30cm刚性承载板模拟机轮荷载圆,使用反力架、千斤顶及疲劳试验机,通过人工和机械定点重复加载模拟飞机通行,研究了薄层沥青混凝土面层 水泥稳定细粒土基(垫)层道面结构在重复荷载作用下的疲劳特性。试验结果表明:推荐道面结构早期承载能力较高,在60d龄期内,整体回弹模量为200～300MPa,弯沉小于1mm;此时道面可承受飞机荷载几万至十几万次的起降通行而不破坏,并保持良好的使用性能;推荐道面结构的疲劳特性可以满足简易机场的应急使用需求。     

钢管混凝土拱桥施工控制研究

钢管混凝土系杆拱桥是我国近年来桥梁发展史上的一种新颖结构,具有自重轻、承载大、抗变形能力强的优点,在现代桥梁中处于有利的竞争地位.本文以宁波慈城大桥为依托,对该桥施工过程进行了分析,并采取必要的施工监控手段,使整个桥梁施工过程中受力和变形都处于理想状态中.     

沥青路面设计中增加抗车辙设计指标的探讨

分析我国现行沥青路面设计指标,指出弯沉指标不能有效的控制路面车辙,在吸收国外沥青路面设计指标的基础上,增加路基顶面压应变指标作为沥青路面抗车辙设计指标;在参考城市道路设计规范,分析路面剪应力分布的基础上,提出面层材料剪应力也可作为沥青路面抗车辙设计指标。     

桥、隧、路、堤组合结构应用技术

为解决受周边既有环境影响下隧道出入口的展线难题,依托长沙市营盘路隧道工程实例开展系统性研究。结合桥、隧相连工程的实际特点,提出一种桥、隧、路、堤组合结构方案,并对该方案实施的可行性进行详细分析及阐述。通过运用Plaxis2D有限元软件对组合方案进行受力计算,结果表明: 护壁墙与隧道结构在位移的变化上基本达到协同变形,所设置的联系横、纵梁结构能有效地将护壁墙与隧道结构连接成整体,起到整体受力的作用。同时,在工程施工期间进行现场监测,结果显示： 大堤周边地表累计最大沉降量为15.44 mm,水平最大位移为6.72 mm,实际监测量均小于数值模拟的最大沉降量（21.34 mm）和最大水平位移（8.77 mm）。模拟结果对施工起到一定的指导作用,组合方案在满足承载力要求的前提下,最大限度地保留既有原始地貌,解决了特殊条件下的交通功能问题。     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

郑万高铁隧道大型机械化配套全断面法施工围岩-支护结构相互作用力学特性研究

为研究郑万高铁大型机械化配套全断面法施工围岩-支护结构相互作用力学特性,依托郑万高铁隧道现场实测数据,确定台阶法和大型机械化配套全断面法2种工法施工的围岩压力分布特征,并采用数值模拟的方法建立围岩-支护结构有限元模型,分析2种工法对围岩压力和结构内力的影响规律。研究结果表明： 1)台阶法多次施工扰动易导致支护结构和围岩之间产生空隙而发生脱空,大型机械化配套全断面法施工对围岩扰动次数少,初期支护快速封闭成环,可保证初期支护及围岩之间良好的密贴性; 2)在软弱围岩中,采用大型机械化配套全断面法施工比台阶法更有利于改善结构受力,减缓结构内部偏心受压的程度,能有效发挥拱形隧道结构承载力; 3)大型机械化配套全断面法在软弱围岩快速施工、控制支护结构变形、保证支护结构受力安全等方面具有综合优势。     

郑万高铁大型机械化施工隧道位移控制基准研究

依托郑万高铁湖北段大断面隧道洞群,针对其开挖断面面积大、软弱围岩占比高、采用大型机械化大断面法施工的特点,开展初期支护位移现场监控量测,对监控量测数据进行分类统计、包络回归分析,得到Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩深、浅埋不同大断面法（全断面法、微台阶法）开挖下初期支护位移沿隧道纵向的函数表达式及各工况下分段位移占极限位移的比值。最后结合 Q/CR 9218-2015《铁路隧道监控量测技术规程》中初期支护极限位移值,给出郑万高铁大型机械化施工隧道各工况下初期支护位移控制基准建议值。结果表明： 郑万高铁隧道Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩采用深、浅埋不同大断面法开挖时,按距掌子面距离的分阶段位移控制基准相差较大,现行Q/CR 9218-2015《铁路隧道监控量测技术规程》中统一规定不合理;围岩级别、埋深及开挖方法相同时,拱顶沉降和洞周水平收敛规律基本一致。     

蒙华铁路阳城隧道土砂分界地层分界面位置对围岩稳定性影响探究

为了解决隧道穿越土砂分界地层的围岩稳定性问题,以蒙华铁路阳城隧道为研究对象,采用现场试验、室内试验及数值试验等研究方法对土砂分界地层围岩稳定性进行探究,重点探讨地层种类及其厚度变化对围岩变形、塑性区扩展及支护结构受力的影响。结果表明： 1）相对单一地层,土砂分界地层会影响洞周应力分布,分界面处围岩容易先出现塑性区,且土砂分界地层围岩变形性质与软弱的全砂岩地层更为接近; 2）在土砂分界地层分界面处会产生较大的水平收敛,易出现拉应力; 3）土砂分界地层中,随着砂层所占比例的增大,拱顶沉降和洞周收敛不断增大,且分界面所在台阶处支护结构的应力发展会提前达到更高的峰值; 4）当分界面出现在上台阶时,围岩会产生极大的塑性变形,支护结构承受相对较大的应力,是土砂分界地层中最不利的分界情形。