考虑移步需求的无桩型共享单车动态调度研究

共享单车系统自发的不均衡性导致单车数量分布与用户需求分布之间产生偏移，降低了系统服务能力，需要调度实现再平衡. 现有动态调度算法缺乏考虑起点车辆供给不足，用户在出行过程中“再次”取车的移步需求，难以准确识别用户真实的出行需求分布，降低了调度效果. 本文提出以用户出行选择行为为下层，以调度车辆路径规划为上层的双层规划模型框架，设计结合仿真系统的启发式求解算法. 算例场景基于上海市虹口、杨浦区共享单车历史出行数据搭建，并进行网格化处理. 算例结果表明，模型能有效识别移步需求，提高共享单车的供需匹配能力. 针对各类调度资源配置情况，共享单车的供需匹配率提升18.07%~ 19.89%，提高了共享单车系统的管理效率.     

共享自动驾驶汽车经营策略优化分析

研究共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)与普通汽车共存背景下，SAV公司如何根据运营目标优化经营策略并影响通勤者出行方式选择. 假设高速公路上存在一定数量的独驾通勤者，无车通勤者在SAV和地铁之间进行权衡. 分析固定需求和弹性需求下，SAV公司追求系统总成本最小或系统净收益最大和利润最大时的最优经营策略，即SAV票价和容量，进而得到均衡时模式划分情况，SAV最优发车数，系统总成本或系统净收益，以及公司利润等指标. 算例对均衡结果进一步验证发现，SAV公司垄断经营会收取较高的票价，提供容量较小的车型. 在系统最优情形下，SAV公司无法获得正利润，需要政府补贴运营.     

大城市中小学周边地区交通拥堵问题分析与解决策略

交通拥堵已经成为我国大城市的一种社会问题,它与每一个人都息息相关,如何更好地处理这种问题,使其减少对人们出行的影响,成为值得每一个人思考的问题。针对大中型城市中的交通拥堵其中的一种现象进行深入的剖析,系统介绍交通拥堵的成因,有针对性地提出如何改善中小学周边地区交通拥堵现象的一些观点和做法。     

高速三体船的研究与发展

对高速三体船的研究进展进行了综述,阐述了高速三体船的应用前景,归纳评述了有关的研究成果和尚存在的问题,并提出了关于这种新船型的若干研究方向。     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

Improving train service reliability by applying an effective timetable robustness strategy

ABSTRACT

To avoid propagation of delays in dense railway timetables, it is important to ensure robustness. One strategy to improve robustness is to provide adequate amount of buffer times between trains. This study concerns how “scheduled minimum headways” should be determined in order to improve robustness in timetables. Scheduled minimum headways include technical minimum headway plus some buffer time. We propose a strategy to be implemented in timetables at the final stages of planning and prior to the operations. The main contributions of this study are 1) to propose a strategy where the size of the scheduled minimum headways is dependent on trains' travel times instead of a fixed-sized time slot and it is called “travel time dependent scheduled minimum headways” or TTDSMH, 2) to evaluate the effects of the new strategy on heterogeneity, speed, and the number of trains in timetables, 3) to show that a simple strategy can improve robustness without imposing major changes in timetables. The strategy is implemented in an Mixed Integer Linear Programming framework for timetabling and tested for some problem instances from Sweden. Results show that TTDSMH can improve robustness. The proposed strategy can be applied in intelligent transportation tools for railway timetabling.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

浅议高职语文教学所面临的问题及其对策

高职院校培养的是适应当前及未来社会发展需求的高素质应用性专门人才,客观上要求毕业生应具备较好的汉语阅读、口语、书面语和汉字书写等语文基本技能。但由于种种原因,目前高职院校在培养和提高学生这些素质方面存在不少问题,文章对此作了分析,并提出相应的对策。     

厦门地铁2号线钻探工程海上通航安全评估

依据港口通航现状、港口发展规划、附近海域船舶交通现况,分析通航安全形势,预测厦门轨道交通2号线跨海路段施工期间,船舶交通流可能的变化和通航环境、通航秩序的适应能力,论证在施工期间存在的通航安全风险、主要问题及通航安全保障能力,并提出保障通航安全的可行性建议和措施.     

粤港澳航运服务合作机制研究综述

港澳是广东经济发展最重要的外部推动力,是"经济转型"举足轻重的合作伙伴,进一步深化粤港澳各领域合作,是全面深化推进改革的重要举措.基于粤港澳区域经济一体化发展为背景,以航运服务合作为出发点,对国内外关于粤港澳航运服务理论研究的相关文献进行了梳理,归纳粤港澳现代航运服务的发展特点、发展规律、发展现状,总结了粤港澳航运服务存在的问题,针对我国目前在粤港澳航运服务合作机制方面研究空白,提出了今后的研究方向和重点:合作方法和模式研究、合作政策衔接研究、合作策略和措施研究.