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141.
Po-Hsing Tseng 《Maritime Policy and Management》2018,45(4):422-438
As Arctic sea ice shrinks due to global warming, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP) offer a substantial reduction in shipping distance between Asia and the European and North American continents, respectively, when compared to conventional routes through the Suez and Panama Canals. However, Arctic shipping routes have many problems associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to identify the key criteria that influence the decisions of shipping operators with respect to using Arctic shipping routes. A multi-criteria decision-making methodology, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, is applied to rank four potential categories of criteria (‘economic’, ‘technical’, ‘political’ and ‘safety’ factors) and their sub-criteria.
The results of the analysis suggest that, on aggregate, ‘economic’ is the most important category of influential factors, followed by ‘safety’, ‘technical’ and ‘political’ factors. The paper concludes, however, that the most influential specific sub-criteria relate to risks that lie mainly within the ‘safety’ and ‘political’ domains and that, especially in combination, these overwhelm the importance which is attached to ‘economic’ factors such as reduced fuel use. Finally, the implications of these findings for the future development of Arctic shipping are addressed at a strategic level. 相似文献
142.
Iris Hui 《Coastal management》2017,45(3):179-198
This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency. 相似文献
143.
南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。 相似文献
144.
西津水利枢纽二线船闸工程对发展西江航运和流域经济具有重要作用。为研究二线船闸布置方案与原一线船闸布置的相互影响,采用水工模型试验研究二线船闸下引航道两类不同布置方案下的水流条件,通过分别测定一、二线船闸下引航道口门区纵、横向及回流流速三项指标,并进行对比分析得知:一、二线船闸下引航道口门区采用共用布置方案时,在中洪水流量情况下,口门区内横向及回流流速难以满足规范要求;当采用下引航道口门区分开布置形式时,二线船闸下引航道口门区多项流速在各级通航流量下基本满足规范要求。 相似文献
145.
葛洲坝1号船闸由于与三峡船闸匹配运行,船舶实行导航墙待闸,下行船舶在导航墙停靠时距离人字门较近,而且下行船舶首船进闸后停靠位置与下闸首人字门距离较近,都具有碰撞人字门的风险。针对葛洲坝1号船闸人字门存在被碰撞的风险,结合上、下闸首的现场情况分别就上、下闸首人字门增设防撞设施方案的可能性进行分析,提出提升式、侧开式和下沉式等方案,并讨论各方案实现的可能性、优势及不足,为船闸人字门防撞安全设施的方案设计及应用提供参考。 相似文献
146.
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148.
根据过军渡电航枢纽工程水工模型试验,论述了上下游引航道口门区泥沙淤积与通航水流条件的变化,研究了船闸引航道的平面布置及不同通航流量情况下设计船队在船闸上下游引航道口门区及连接段的航行情况和航行要素,优化进出闸航线,并配合通航水流条件的观测对船闸引航道平面布置提出修改意见,从而选出通航条件好、工程量小、河道演变较稳定的推荐方案。 相似文献
149.
AHP在公路主枢纽站场
总体布局规划中的应用* 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
为使我国公路网“三主一支持”的规划建设建立在易操作,可定量化的基础上,利用简便
实用的层次分析法建立了公路主枢纽站场总体布局方案比选模型,进而对定量、定性判断矩阵分
别提出了相应的分析构成方法,并给出了比选模型的计算过程及应用实例。经实践证明,该方法
是可行的。 相似文献
150.