砂、石材料坚固性试验的研究

通过进行砂、石材料坚固性直接冻融和硫酸钠法的对比试验,总结出对工程耐久性的影响和两种方法不可替代的关系。     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

门座式起重机箱形大拉杆焊接变形与控制分析及其在生产中的应用

分析门座式起重机箱形大拉杆焊接变形的分析,采用合理的组装顺序和焊接工艺,有效地控制箱形大拉杆的焊接变形.     

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高速铁路为人们提供了一种高效的运输方式.本文借鉴弹性系数法的相关理论,首先运用广义费用函数测算样本中高铁开通前后两地区综合客运成本的变化,结合两地区高铁开通前后客运量的变化得到了运输成本弹性系数,用于衡量两地区对于高铁开通的迫切性程度,从而在另一个层面衡量高铁建设的可行性.然后根据运输经济学及新经济地理学的相关理论,从人口、距离、人均GDP差异、平均人均GDP和产业结构相似度5个维度对样本的运输成本弹性系数进行建模,运用神经网络的方法来拟合其对运输成本弹性系数的影响情况,并以此为依据来测算北京市和张家口市对即将开通的京张高铁的迫切性程度.     

From Twitter to detector: Real-time traffic incident detection using social media data

The effectiveness of traditional incident detection is often limited by sparse sensor coverage, and reporting incidents to emergency response systems is labor-intensive. We propose to mine tweet texts to extract incident information on both highways and arterials as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to existing data sources. This paper presents a methodology to crawl, process and filter tweets that are accessible by the public for free. Tweets are acquired from Twitter using the REST API in real time. The process of adaptive data acquisition establishes a dictionary of important keywords and their combinations that can imply traffic incidents (TI). A tweet is then mapped into a high dimensional binary vector in a feature space formed by the dictionary, and classified into either TI related or not. All the TI tweets are then geocoded to determine their locations, and further classified into one of the five incident categories.We apply the methodology in two regions, the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Metropolitan Areas. Overall, mining tweets holds great potentials to complement existing traffic incident data in a very cheap way. A small sample of tweets acquired from the Twitter API cover most of the incidents reported in the existing data set, and additional incidents can be identified through analyzing tweets text. Twitter also provides ample additional information with a reasonable coverage on arterials. A tweet that is related to TI and geocodable accounts for approximately 5% of all the acquired tweets. Of those geocodable TI tweets, 60–70% are posted by influential users (IU), namely public Twitter accounts mostly owned by public agencies and media, while the rest is contributed by individual users. There is more incident information provided by Twitter on weekends than on weekdays. Within the same day, both individuals and IUs tend to report incidents more frequently during the day time than at night, especially during traffic peak hours. Individual tweets are more likely to report incidents near the center of a city, and the volume of information significantly decays outwards from the center.     

Virtual 3D city model as a priori information source for vehicle localization system

This paper aims at demonstrating the usefulness of integrating virtual 3D models in vehicle localization systems. Usually, vehicle localization algorithms are based on multi-sensor data fusion. Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS, as Global Positioning System GPS, are used to provide measurements of the geographic location. Nevertheless, GNSS solutions suffer from signal attenuation and masking, multipath phenomena and lack of visibility, especially in urban areas. That leads to degradation or even a total loss of the positioning information and then unsatisfactory performances. Dead-reckoning and inertial sensors are then often added to back up GPS in case of inaccurate or unavailable measurements or if high frequency location estimation is required. However, the dead-reckoning localization may drift in the long term due to error accumulation. To back up GPS and compensate the drift of the dead reckoning sensors based localization, two approaches integrating a virtual 3D model are proposed in registered with respect to the scene perceived by an on-board sensor. From the real/virtual scenes matching, the transformation (rotation and translation) between the real sensor and the virtual sensor (whose position and orientation are known) can be computed. These two approaches lead to determine the pose of the real sensor embedded on the vehicle. In the first approach, the considered perception sensor is a camera and in the second approach, it is a laser scanner. The first approach is based on image matching between the virtual image extracted from the 3D city model and the real image acquired by the camera. The two major parts are: 1. Detection and matching of feature points in real and virtual images (three features points are compared: Harris corner detector, SIFT and SURF). 2. Pose computation using POSIT algorithm. The second approach is based on the on–board horizontal laser scanner that provides a set of distances between it and the environment. This set of distances is matched with depth information (virtual laser scan data), provided by the virtual 3D city model. The pose estimation provided by these two approaches can be integrated in data fusion formalism. In this paper the result of the first approach is integrated in IMM UKF data fusion formalism. Experimental results obtained using real data illustrate the feasibility and the performances of the proposed approaches.     

汽车机械故障原因及防范措施

自中国改革开放以来我国的经济得到了飞速的提升,人们的生活质量和生活水平也在日新月异的变化,在现今时代汽车已经普及到了千家万户,成为了人们日常生活的必需品,也正因为如此汽车机械故障的原因及防范措施也逐渐受到了人们的关注,本文也就汽车故障产生的原因进行了分析,并寻找出相对应的解决策略。     

锚下有效预应力检测取值的试验研究

锚下有效预应力为评价预应力施加是否合格的关键技术指标,但检测方法并不统一,检测的可靠性、准确性尚不明确。通过对工程界常用的拐点法、最小应力跟踪法和夹片位移法进行理论分析和试验分析,夹片位移法最适用于锚下有效预应力的检测,而拐点法检测误差及重复性均不满足需要,最小应力跟踪法应慎重使用,可作为工程界进行锚下有效预应力检测的参考依据。     

正交异性钢桥面疲劳分析方法研究综述

正交异性钢桥面构造细节复杂且构件间大量采用焊缝连接,在反复交变车辆载荷的作用下存在突出的疲劳开裂风险,而疲劳试验通常被认为是研究正交异性钢桥面疲劳性能的最直观有效手段。但疲劳试验周期长、成本高,直接应用于工程实践的局限性较大。为此,大量研究者基于数值模拟提出了名义应力法、结构热点应力法、局部应力法和断裂力学法等疲劳性能评价方法。这几种评价方法的原理和应用场景各不相同,并各有优缺点及其适用条件。     

关于城市桥梁在8度强震区的抗震设计讨论

为了研究一般跨径城市桥梁在8度地震区的抗震设计方法,文章以具体工程为例,采用规范推荐的参数和公式,拟合出场地在E1和E2作用下水平地震动反应谱;通过有限元建模分析,对规范推荐的延性抗震体系和减隔震体系做了详细的计算和分析,研究结果标明:两种抗震体系均能满足相关规范的设计要求;但是减隔震体系在设计阶段造价更低,震后修复费用也较小,在经济性方面有较大的优势。